Muscle force is determined also by muscle relative position: isolated effects

Maas, Huub; Baan, Guus C.; Huijing, P.A.J.B.M.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(03)00235-5

Cited by 71 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Substantial proximo-distal force differences were shown also for active EDL muscle with epimuscular connections (i.e., the integral system of inter-and extramuscular connections). The length of active EDL muscle was kept constant whereas, (1) the lengths of the active synergistic tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor hallucis longus (EHL) muscles (Maas et al 2001) or that of active EHL muscle exclusively (Yucesoy et al 2006b) were manipulated (2) the relative position of active EDL muscle with respect to nonmuscular tissues Yucesoy et al 2006b), as well as both muscular and nonmuscular tissues (Maas et al 2004) were altered to yield unequal proximal and distal forces. Therefore, the proximo-distal force differences are a consequence of epimuscular myofascial force transmission from the muscle and such force differences shown presently for the aponeurotomized muscle modeled with intact extramuscular connections are likely to occur also experimentally.…”

Section: Proximo-distal Force Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extramuscular myofascial force transmission alters substantially the acute effects of surgical aponeurotomy: assessment by finite element modeling

Yücesoy

Koopman

Grootenboer

et al. 2007

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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Effects of extramuscular myofascial force transmission on the acute effects of aponeurotomy were studied using finite element modeling and implications of such effects on surgery were discussed. Aponeurotomized EDL muscle of the rat was modeled in two conditions: (1) fully isolated (2) with intact extramuscular connections. The specific goal was to assess the alterations in muscle length-force characteristics in relation to sarcomere length distributions and to investigate how the mechanical mechanism of the intervention is affected if the muscle is not isolated. Major effects of extramuscular myofascial force transmission were shown on muscle length-force characteristics. In contrast to the identical proximal and distal forces of the aponeurotomized isolated muscle, substantial proximo-distal force differences were shown for aponeurotomized muscle with extramuscular connections (for all muscle lengths F dist > F prox after distal muscle lengthening). Proximal optimal length did not change whereas distal optimal length was lower (by 0.5 mm). The optimal forces of the aponeurotomized muscle with extramuscular connections exerted at both proximal and distal tendons were lower than that of isolated muscle (by 15 and 7%, respectively). The length of

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Section: Proximo-distal Force Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extramuscular myofascial force transmission alters substantially the acute effects of surgical aponeurotomy: assessment by finite element modeling

Yücesoy

Koopman

Grootenboer

et al. 2007

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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“…Therefore, their muscle-tendon complex lengths were also kept constant. In this way, effects of changes of length and relative muscle position of these muscles on force transmission from EDL III (Huijing and Baan 2003;Maas et al 2001Maas et al , 2004 were excluded.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Local high strains and stresses at the interface between muscle bellies. If a single muscle-tendon complex is lengthened, shearing of the interface between the corresponding muscle belly and adjacent tissues is highest near the location at which length changes are imposed and gradually decreases to the opposite site (for a schematic illustration see Maas et al 2004). Thus very local differences in shear strain are expected and, if equal shear stiffness of the connective tissues between a muscle head and adjacent tissues is assumed, local differences in shear stress.…”

Section: Intermuscular Myofascial Force Transmission In Dynamic Musclmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For rat whole extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) within an intact anterior crural compartment, it has been shown recently that muscle relative position is a co-determinant of isometric muscle force (Huijing and Baan 2003;Maas et al 2004Maas et al , 2003b. Such position effects have been explained in terms of force transmission out of the muscle via pathways other than the tendons, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myofascial force transmission in dynamic muscle conditions: effects of dynamic shortening of a single head of multi-tendoned rat extensor digitorum longus muscle

Maas

Huijing

2005

Eur J Appl Physiol

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This study investigated the effects of myofascial force transmission during dynamic shortening of head III of rat extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL III). The anterior crural compartment was left intact. Force was measured simultaneously at the distal EDL III tendon, the proximal EDL tendon and the distal tendons of tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus muscles (TA+EHL). Two types of distal shortening of EDL III were studied: (1) sinusoidal shortening (2 mm) and (2) isokinetic shortening (8 mm). Sinusoidal shortening of EDL III caused a decrease in force exerted at the distal tendon of EDL III: from 0.58 (0.08) N to 0.26 (0.04) N. In contrast, hardly any changes in proximal EDL force and distal TA+EHL force were found. Maximal concentric force exerted at the distal tendon of EDL III was higher than maximal isometric force expected on the basis of the physiological cross-sectional area of EDL III muscle fibers (Maas et al. 2003). Therefore, a substantial fraction of this force must originate from sources other than muscle fibers of EDL III. Isokinetic shortening of EDL III caused high changes in EDL III force from 0.97 (0.15) N to zero. In contrast, changes in proximal EDL force were much smaller: from 2.44 (0.25) N to 1.99 (0.19) N. No effects on TA+EHL force could be shown. These results are explained in terms of force transmission between the muscle belly of EDL III and adjacent tissues. Thus, also in dynamic muscle conditions, muscle fiber force is transmitted via myofascial pathways.

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“…Myofascial connections between a muscle's epimysium and surrounding structures can also transmit force (Huijing, 2009;Maas and Sandercock, 2010). Several studies, in which muscles within the rat anterior crural compartment were excited maximally and their tendons were severed from the skeleton, have shown that forces exerted at the tendon of a muscle kept at a constant muscletendon unit (MTU) length were dependent on the neighboring muscle's length (Huijing and Baan, 2008;Huijing et al, 2007;Maas et al, 2005;Meijer et al, 2006;Rijkelijkhuizen et al, 2007) or relative position (Maas et al, 2004). However, several of these imposed changes were beyond those found during normal movement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited mechanical effects of intermuscular myofascial connections within the intact rat anterior crural compartment

Tijs

Dieën

Maas

2016

Journal of Biomechanics

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a b s t r a c tSkeletal muscles of the rat anterior crural compartment are mechanically connected by epimuscular myofascial connections, but the relevance for mechanical muscle function within physiological ranges of joint motion is unclear. We evaluated the net effect at the ankle joint of epimuscular myofascial connections between tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in the rat (n ¼ 8) and determined which anatomical structures may mediate such epimuscular mechanical interactions. We assessed (1) effects of knee angle (i.e. changes in EDL length and position relative to TA) and interactions of knee angle with fasciotomy and proximal EDL tenotomy on TA ankle moment and (2) the effect of knee angle on TA and EDL ankle moment summation. Knee angle was varied between 60°and 130°. Ankle angle was kept constant (90°). TA and EDL were excited individually and simultaneously (TA&EDL). The mathematical sum of individual TA and EDL moments was compared with the moment exerted by TA&EDL to assess the extent of non-additive ankle moment summation. Magnitude of TA ankle moment was not affected by knee angle, but frontal plane moment direction was. However, dissections indicated that this was not caused by the compartmental fascia or EDL length changes. Moment summation was non-additive in magnitude ( þ1.1 7 1.1% mean7 s.d.) and frontal plane direction. The latter was affected by knee angle and ranged from þ 0.27 0.3°at 60°to þ1.1 7 0.6°at 130°. As the net effects found were very limited, we conclude that myofascial connections between muscles in the anterior crural compartment have limited mechanical relevance during normal movement.

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Muscle force is determined also by muscle relative position: isolated effects

Cited by 71 publications

References 47 publications

Extramuscular myofascial force transmission alters substantially the acute effects of surgical aponeurotomy: assessment by finite element modeling

Extramuscular myofascial force transmission alters substantially the acute effects of surgical aponeurotomy: assessment by finite element modeling

Myofascial force transmission in dynamic muscle conditions: effects of dynamic shortening of a single head of multi-tendoned rat extensor digitorum longus muscle

Limited mechanical effects of intermuscular myofascial connections within the intact rat anterior crural compartment

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