Muscle and Bone Defects in Metastatic Disease

Abstract

Purpose of Review The present review addresses most recently identified mechanisms implicated in metastasis-induced bone resorption and muscle-wasting syndrome, known as cachexia. Recent Findings Metastatic disease in bone and soft tissues is often associated with skeletal muscle defects. Recent studies have identified a number of secreted molecules and extracellular vesicles that contribute to cancer cell growth and metastasis leading to bone destruction and muscle atrophy. In addition, alterations in muscle microenvironment including dysfunctions in hepatic and mitochondrial metabolism have been implicated in cancer-induced regeneration defect and muscle loss. Moreover, we review novel in vitro and animal models including promising new drug candidates for bone metastases and cancer cachexia. Summary Preservation of bone health could be highly beneficial for maintaining muscle mass and function. Therefore, a better understanding of molecular pathways implicated in bone and muscle crosstalk in metastatic disease may provide new insights and identify new strategies to improve current anticancer therapeutics.

Compound Pelvic Muscle Metastasis in Laryngeal Carcinoma

“…However, it may also, although less often, disseminate to remote organs such as the lungs, bones, and liver [9]. Although skeletal muscle is most abundant tissue in the body, metastasis are very rare with the prevalence from 0.03 to 17.5% [7]. There have been very few cases previously reported per literature review for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with skeletal muscle metastasis [4,5].…”

“…There have only been a handful of cases previously reported per literature review for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with skeletal muscle metastasis resulting in poor clinical outcomes [4][5][6]. Although skeletal muscle is most abundant tissue in the body, metastasis is very rare with the prevalence from 0.03 to 17.5% [7]. The psoas muscle is less commonly associated with tumoral involvement and is more commonly linked to infectious processes such as abscess formation [8].…”

Potential of Lycii Radicis Cortex as an Ameliorative Agent for Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

“…It fulfills several vital functions, such as maintaining postural and balance, respiratory mechanics, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and storage, and regeneration after injury [ 2 ]. However, both qualitative and quantitative abnormalities in skeletal muscle have been associated with various diseases, including diabetes, cancer, heart failure, and chronic renal failure [ 3 , 4 ].…”