Muscle activity patterns and control of temporomandibular joint loads

Throckmorton, Gaylord S.; Boyd, Scott B.; Groshan, Greg

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(90)90235-u

Cited by 19 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Evidence from patterns of normal muscle usage indicates that muscles are not used in a way that would eliminate, or even minimize, TMJ loads [Throckmorton et al, 1990]. Nevertheless, because it is at least theoretically possible to unload the TMJ, disagreement remains.…”

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confidence: 97%

Loading of the Temporomandibular Joint: Anatomical and in vivo Evidence from the Bones

Herring

Liu²

2001

Cells Tissues Organs

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‘Loading of the TMJ’ is usually understood to mean a compressive force applied to the articular surfaces of the jaw joint. Theoretical models of jaw mechanics can be manipulated to support either the presence or the absence of loading, depending on the assumed contraction patterns of the muscles and the assumed occlusion. This paper synthesizes a series of studies on jaw joint function using pigs as substitutes for humans. Bone strain (deformation) was directly measured on the lateral surfaces of the condylar neck and the squamosal (equivalent to the human temporal) bone. Chewing strains indicate that loading does occur and is not light. The peak strains on the condyle are indeed primarily compressive, but the situation is dynamic. Small tensile strains can occur during chewing, and protrusive splints may decrease the strain resulting from muscle stimulation. The squamosal bone is even more surprising, in that the major strain is tensile. The most likely explanation for this finding is that the squamosal bone is bent under the load. Thus, the two elements of the TMJ are deformed in different ways by the same movements and muscle activities. Internal bony architecture reflects these differences. The condyle is filled with fine, vertically oriented bony trabeculae. The articular eminence has thick cortices and trabeculae oriented approximately transversely. In conclusion, the TMJ is loaded, but the situation is complex. The largest forces seen by the condyle are compressive, and they arise from muscle contraction. These same forces serve to bend the squamosal bone.

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confidence: 97%

Loading of the Temporomandibular Joint: Anatomical and in vivo Evidence from the Bones

Herring

Liu²

2001

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…It is even found in modern birds that have been manipulated to redevelop teeth (Cai et al, 2009). However, investigations on mammals (particularly primates) have theorised that balancing side muscle activity must decrease to avoid disarticulation of the working side joint (Spencer, 1998;Greaves, 1982;Throckmorton et al, 1990;Koolstra and van Eijden, 1995). This suggests that animals with sophisticated periodontal sensory receptors still rely to some extent on feedback from the jaw joints, as evidenced by the presence of mechanoreceptors in and around the jaw joint that are sensitive to stimuli such as displacement and pressure (Asaki et al, 2006;Keller and Moffett, 1968;Zimny, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Feedback control from the jaw joints during biting: An investigation of the reptile Sphenodon using multibody modelling

Curtis

Jones

Evans

et al. 2010

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…3 0 ' 98 Theoretically, loads on the working side condyle could be reduced or eliminated, although there is no evidence that this occurs in normal individuals. 98 However, it seems likely that individuals with damaged temporomandibular joints will adapt their muscle activity patterns in ways that will reduce load on the damaged joints.…”

Section: Biomechanics Of Condylar Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…98 However, it seems likely that individuals with damaged temporomandibular joints will adapt their muscle activity patterns in ways that will reduce load on the damaged joints. In addition, neuromuscular adaptation should be required to generate normal occlusal forces following damage to the temporomandibular joints.…”

Section: Biomechanics Of Condylar Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masticatory Function Following Fractures of the Mandibular Condyle.

Ellis¹

1996

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Muscle activity patterns and control of temporomandibular joint loads

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Loading of the Temporomandibular Joint: Anatomical and in vivo Evidence from the Bones

Loading of the Temporomandibular Joint: Anatomical and in vivo Evidence from the Bones

Feedback control from the jaw joints during biting: An investigation of the reptile Sphenodon using multibody modelling

Masticatory Function Following Fractures of the Mandibular Condyle.

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