Muscarinic Versus Nicotinic Modulation of a Visual Task A PET Study Using Drug Probes

Mentis, Marc J.; Sunderland, Trey; Lai, Jennifer C.; Connolly, Catherine; Krasuski, Jack S.; Levine, B; Friz, Judy; Sobti, Sandeep; Schapiro, Mark B.; Rapoport, Stanley I.

doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(01)00264-0

Cited by 57 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Scopolamine infusion into other cortical regions did not affect attention-shifting behavior. Human cholinergic innervation in the parietal cortex appears to be nicotinic, not muscarinic (Mentis et al, 2001). Similar selective modulation has been seen in the rat (Phillips et al, 2000).…”

Section: The Cholinergic System and Visuospatial Attention: Nongenetisupporting

confidence: 57%

Normal Genetic Variation, Cognition, and Aging

Greenwood

Parasuraman

2003

Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews

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This article reviews the modulation of cognitive function by normal genetic variation. Although the heritability of "g" is well established, the genes that modulate specific cognitive functions are largely unidentified. Application of the allelic association approach to individual differences in cognition has begun to reveal the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms on specific and general cognitive functions. This article proposes a framework for relating genotype to cognitive phenotype by considering the effect of genetic variation on the protein product of specific genes within the context of the neural basis of particular cognitive domains. Specificity of effects is considered, from genes controlling part of one receptor type to genes controlling agents of neuronal repair, and evidence is reviewed of cognitive modulation by polymorphisms in dopaminergic and cholinergic receptor genes, dopaminergic enzyme genes, and neurotrophic genes. Although allelic variation in certain genes can be reliably linked to cognition-specifically to components of attention, working memory, and executive function in healthy adults-the specificity, generality, and replicability of the effects are not fully known.

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Section: The Cholinergic System and Visuospatial Attention: Nongenetisupporting

confidence: 57%

Normal Genetic Variation, Cognition, and Aging

Greenwood

Parasuraman

2003

Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews

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“…However, previous studies have shown that cholinesterase inhibitors modulate blood flow in a task-dependent manner (Mentis et al, 2001;Bentley et al, 2004). In the current dataset, there are regions showing set size effects that do not show drug-induced modulation, for example, the pre-supplementary motor area.…”

Section: Specificity Of Drug and Sleep Deprivation Effects On Blood Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing cholinergic transmission may improve visual working memory by increasing the selectivity of perceptual processing in the visual cortex (Furey et al, 2000b). Other experiments on visual memory have suggested that behavioral benefit may be associated with increases in extrastriate (Furey et al, 2000b;Lawrence et al, 2002) and superior parietal (Mentis et al, 2001) regions. Conversely, cholinergic blockade using scopolamine may impair orienting responses that involve parietal regions (Davidson and Marrocco, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinergic Augmentation Modulates Visual Task Performance in Sleep-Deprived Young Adults

2008

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Using 24 h of total sleep deprivation to perturb normal cognitive function, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study to evaluate the effect of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil, on behavioral performance and task-related brain activation in 28 healthy, young, adult volunteers. The behavioral tasks involved the parametric manipulation of visual short-term memory load and perceptual load in separate experiments indirectly evaluating attention. Sleep deprivation significantly reduced posterior cortical activation (intraparietal sulcus and extrastriate cortex) at all levels of visual memory as well as perceptual load. Donepezil modulated an individual's performance in both tasks in accordance to whether accuracy declined after sleep deprivation without treatment. Critically, there were significant correlations between donepezil-induced increases in neural activation in the posterior cortical areas and improvement in accuracy. Reduced visual short-term memory after sleep deprivation may thus originate from a decline in visual attention and/or visual processing. Cholinergic augmentation can alleviate these deficits in individuals vulnerable to the effects of sleep deprivation, but it may have neutral or negative effects on those resistant to sleep deprivation.

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“…Muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors modulate neuronal function in the hippocampus and parietal cortex (Xiang, Huguenard, & Prince, 1998), but the nicotinic receptor (nAChR) is especially important in regulating fast synaptic transmission (Alkondon, Pereira, Eisenberg, & Albuquerque, 2000) and is predominantly expressed in the parietal cortex (Mentis et al, 2001). The parietal cortex is an important cortical focus of a distributed neural network of brain regions controlling different aspects of visuospatial attention (Corbetta, Kincade, Ollinger, McAvoy, & Shulman, 2000;Posner & Petersen, 1990).…”

Section: Chrna4: a Nicotinic Receptor Genementioning

confidence: 99%