Murray Hill Laboratory of Bell Telephone Laboratories

Hunt, Franklin L.

doi:10.1038/151674a0

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Figure 3 shows an example of the operations used in MED with the costs from Table 2 for aligning the response “thin” with the stimulus “fun”. Figure 4 shows the differences between the outputs for aligning the response “We live on the earth” with the stimulus “These are your books” (from participant V1-HA in the test data, see below and Table 3 ) from three different alignments: the diff function first used in UNIX ( 37 ) and available in scLite, the original Levenshtein algorithm with simple costs, and the finalized modified algorithm. diff gave no weight to consonants or vowels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of Speech Perception Analysis via Phoneme Alignment: A Pilot Study

et al. 2022

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Objective: Speech tests assess the ability of people with hearing loss to comprehend speech with a hearing aid or cochlear implant. The tests are usually at the word or sentence level. However, few tests analyze errors at the phoneme level. So, there is a need for an automated program to visualize in real time the accuracy of phonemes in these tests.Method: The program reads in stimulus-response pairs and obtains their phonemic representations from an open-source digital pronouncing dictionary. The stimulus phonemes are aligned with the response phonemes via a modification of the Levenshtein Minimum Edit Distance algorithm. Alignment is achieved via dynamic programming with modified costs based on phonological features for insertion, deletions and substitutions. The accuracy for each phoneme is based on the F1-score. Accuracy is visualized with respect to place and manner (consonants) or height (vowels). Confusion matrices for the phonemes are used in an information transfer analysis of ten phonological features. A histogram of the information transfer for the features over a frequency-like range is presented as a phonemegram.Results: The program was applied to two datasets. One consisted of test data at the sentence and word levels. Stimulus-response sentence pairs from six volunteers with different degrees of hearing loss and modes of amplification were analyzed. Four volunteers listened to sentences from a mobile auditory training app while two listened to sentences from a clinical speech test. Stimulus-response word pairs from three lists were also analyzed. The other dataset consisted of published stimulus-response pairs from experiments of 31 participants with cochlear implants listening to 400 Basic English Lexicon sentences via different talkers at four different SNR levels. In all cases, visualization was obtained in real time. Analysis of 12,400 actual and random pairs showed that the program was robust to the nature of the pairs.Conclusion: It is possible to automate the alignment of phonemes extracted from stimulus-response pairs from speech tests in real time. The alignment then makes it possible to visualize the accuracy of responses via phonological features in two ways. Such visualization of phoneme alignment and accuracy could aid clinicians and scientists.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of Speech Perception Analysis via Phoneme Alignment: A Pilot Study

et al. 2022

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“…The most essential step of data synchronization is to detect updates. One solution is diff-like protocols [30] which are based on comparing two versions of the same file line by line and can detect the exact updates. Only these updates will be uploaded to the cloud in a patch file which describes the difference between the old and the new version.…”

Section: Data Synchronization Mechanism Of Cloud Storage Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Information Leakage in Multicloud Storage Services

Zhuang

Rahman

Hui

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Cloud Comput.

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Many schemes have been recently advanced for storing data on multiple clouds. Distributing data over different cloud storage providers (CSPs) automatically provides users with a certain degree of information leakage control, for no single point of attack can leak all the information. However, unplanned distribution of data chunks can lead to high information disclosure even while using multiple clouds. In this paper, we study an important information leakage problem caused by unplanned data distribution in multicloud storage services. Then, we present StoreSim, an information leakage aware storage system in multicloud. StoreSim aims to store syntactically similar data on the same cloud, thus minimizing the user's information leakage across multiple clouds. We design an approximate algorithm to efficiently generate similarity-preserving signatures for data chunks based on MinHash and Bloom filter, and also design a function to compute the information leakage based on these signatures. Next, we present an effective storage plan generation algorithm based on clustering for distributing data chunks with minimal information leakage across multiple clouds. Finally, we evaluate our scheme using two real datasets from Wikipedia and GitHub. We show that our scheme can reduce the information leakage by up to 60% compared to unplanned placement. Furthermore, our analysis on system attackability demonstrates that our scheme makes attacks on information more complex.

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“…These algorithms solve the string‐to‐string correction problem [16] with block move optimally, in that they always find the shortest sequence of operation, even though they ran in quadratic time and/or linear space. Unix diff [17, 18] is the classical programme for generating delta, but it is limited to text file rather than binary file, as well as the algorithm proposed by Miller and Myers [15] have been given. The algorithms bdiff [19] and suff [20] extend the application widely by converting the binary code into text, but the deltas they created are larger than the originals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delta compression optimisation for UAV‐enabled mobile edge caching

Wang

et al. 2020

IET Communications

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Murray Hill Laboratory of Bell Telephone Laboratories

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Visualization of Speech Perception Analysis via Phoneme Alignment: A Pilot Study

Visualization of Speech Perception Analysis via Phoneme Alignment: A Pilot Study

Optimizing Information Leakage in Multicloud Storage Services

Delta compression optimisation for UAV‐enabled mobile edge caching

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