Murine Typhus in Vietnam

Miller, Monte B.; Bratton, Jack L.; Hunt, John S.; Blankenship, Robert M.; Lohr, David; Reynolds, Ralph D.

doi:10.1093/milmed/139.3.184

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The presence and distribution of Rickettsia and Orientia spp. agents in Southeast Asia are poorly defined ( 4 – 6 ). Additional surveillance studies are needed to improve diagnosis and patient treatment.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The extent and severity of disease associated with scrub and murine typhus in Vietnam is unknown because both clinical- and laboratory-based diagnostics are limited and no systematic surveillance programs or reporting systems are in place ( 7 ). Frequent cases of scrub typhus and murine typhus were reported among US military personnel stationed in Vietnam during the 1970s ( 6 – 8 ). Cases also have been identified among returning travelers from the region ( 9 , 10 ).…”

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Clinical Manifestations and Molecular Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus and Murine Typhus, Vietnam, 2015–2017

Trung¹,

Hoi²,

Dien³

et al. 2019

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Clinical Manifestations and Molecular Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus and Murine Typhus, Vietnam, 2015–2017

Trung¹,

Hoi²,

Dien³

et al. 2019

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…This lack of knowledge combined with misconceptions and outdated clinical guidelines leads to the under diagnosis of these diseases in clinical practice at district, provincial and even national hospitals [10,11]. The presence of scrub typhus was described in Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City) as early as 1915 [12] and scrub typhus and murine typhus were frequently reported among American servicemen stationed in southern Vietnam during the Vietnam war [13][14][15]. However, to date there have been no systematic investigations of scrub typhus, murine typhus and other rickettsial diseases in many parts of the country.…”

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confidence: 99%

Systematic Surveillance of Rickettsial Diseases in 27 Hospitals from 26 Provinces throughout Vietnam

et al. 2022

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In Vietnam, the public health burden of rickettsial infections continues to be underestimated due to knowledge gaps in the epidemiology of these diseases. We conducted a systematic study among 27 hospitals from 26 provinces in eight ecological regions throughout Vietnam to investigate the prevalence, distribution, and clinical characteristics of rickettsial diseases. We recruited 1834 patients in the study from April 2018 to October 2019. The findings showed that rickettsial diseases were common among undifferentiated febrile patients, with 564 (30.8%) patients positive by qPCR for scrub typhus, murine typhus or spotted fever. Scrub typhus (484, 85.8%) was the most common rickettsial disease, followed by murine typhus (67, 11.9%) and spotted fever (10, 1.8%). Rickettsial diseases were widely distributed in all regions of Vietnam and presented with nonspecific clinical manifestations.

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“…Although scrub typhus caused no known deaths among American troops during the Vietnam conflict, studies on the aetiology of FUOs conducted throughout the war indicated that 20–30% of such FUOs were due to scrub typhus [35,36]. These results and the reports of outbreaks at the beginning of the conflict suggest that scrub typhus was seriously under‐reported and had a mission‐compromising influence in Vietnam [128]. US forces have successfully conducted studies on the use of chloramphenicol or doxycycline for scrub typhus prophylaxis [129,130].…”

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The past and present threat of vector-borne diseases in deployed troops

Pagès

Faulde²,

Orlandi-Pradines

et al. 2010

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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From time immemorial, vector-borne diseases have severely reduced the fighting capacity of armies and caused suspension or cancellation of military operations. Since World War I, infectious diseases have no longer been the main causes of morbidity and mortality among soldiers. However, most recent conflicts involving Western armies have occurred overseas, increasing the risk of vector-borne disease for the soldiers and for the displaced populations. The threat of vector-borne disease has changed with the progress in hygiene and disease control within the military: some diseases have lost their military significance (e.g. plague, yellow fever, and epidemic typhus); others remain of concern (e.g. malaria and dengue fever); and new potential threats have appeared (e.g. West Nile encephalitis and chikungunya fever). For this reason, vector control and personal protection strategies are always major requirements in ensuring the operational readiness of armed forces. Scientific progress has allowed a reduction in the impact of arthropod-borne diseases on military forces, but the threat is always present, and a failure in the context of vector control or in the application of personal protection measures could allow these diseases to have the same devastating impact on human health and military readiness as they did in the past.

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Murine Typhus in Vietnam

Cited by 9 publications

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Clinical Manifestations and Molecular Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus and Murine Typhus, Vietnam, 2015–2017

Clinical Manifestations and Molecular Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus and Murine Typhus, Vietnam, 2015–2017

Systematic Surveillance of Rickettsial Diseases in 27 Hospitals from 26 Provinces throughout Vietnam

The past and present threat of vector-borne diseases in deployed troops

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