Murine norovirus detection in the exhaust air of IVCs is more sensitive than serological analysis of soiled bedding sentinels

Zorn, Julia; Ritter, Bärbel; Miller, Manuel; Kraus, Monika; Northrup, Emily; Brielmeier, Markus

doi:10.1177/0023677216661586

Cited by 32 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…8 To solve these problems, methods that assess sentinel exposure by surveying the exhaust air of IVC have been reported. 4,6,18,19,26 However, if a pathogenic microbe is detected in animal rooms, sentinels as well as experimental animals must be examined to identify sources of infection or sensitive hosts. In most cases, experimental animals need to Vol 58, No 6 Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science November 2019 be evaluated without euthanizing them because the number of maintenance strains is increasing and because few animals of each strain are cohoused.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplex Immunochromatographic Assay for Serologic Diagnosis of Major Infectious Diseases in Laboratory Mice

Tosa

Ishida

Yoshimatsu

et al. 2019

j am assoc lab anim sci

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Serologic monitoring of infectious diseases is important for microbial control in colonies of laboratory mice. Rapid and simple tests that do not require killing animals are valuable for this purpose. In this study, we developed a multiplex immunochromatographic assay (ICA) for detection of antibodies to mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), Sendai virus (also known as hemagglutinating virus of Japan [HVJ]), and Clostridium piliforme (The pathogen that causes Tyzzer disease), which are major infectious diseases in mice. For this assay, an ICA strip was put into a microtube containing 150 μL PBS and either 0.75 μL mouse serum or 1.5 μL whole blood. Binding antibodies were visualized by using protein A-conjugated colloidal gold. Under these conditions, multiplex ICA simultaneously and specifically detected antibodies to multiple antigens. To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of multiplex ICA, positive serum samples for each infectious disease were used. Sensitivities of the multiplex ICA test for MHV, HVJ, and C. piliforme were 100%, 100%, and 90%, respectively. No nonspecific reaction was observed in any of the 30 positive sera. In addition, 10 samples of uninfected sera did not show any bands except for the control line. These observations indicate high specificity of the multiplex ICA test. Moreover, the multiplex ICA could be applied to diluted blood. These results indicate that the multiplex ICA is appropriate for rapid, simple, and safe serologic testing of laboratory mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplex Immunochromatographic Assay for Serologic Diagnosis of Major Infectious Diseases in Laboratory Mice

Tosa

Ishida

Yoshimatsu

et al. 2019

j am assoc lab anim sci

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“…Exhaust debris PCR monitoring of IVC racks has recently been evaluated for its efficacy in detecting several pathogens. 2,5,8,17,19,22,25,[27][28][29]39 Most commonly, the studies found that detection through PCR analysis of exhaust debris was a reliable option or a good adjunct to a health monitoring program. Notably, PCR evaluation of exhaust debris was found to be reliable and in some cases superior in detecting mouse hepatitis virus, Sendai virus, Helicobacter spp., Rodentibacter pneumotropicus and heylii (previously Pasteurella pneumotropica), 3 pinworms, fur mites, and enteric protozoa.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Mouse Health Monitoring Between Soiled-bedding Sentinel and Exhaust Air Dust Surveillance Programs

Mailhiot¹,

Ostdiek²,

Luchins³

et al. 2020

j am assoc lab anim sci

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To monitor rodent colony health in research facilities, soiled-bedding sentinel (SBS) animals have traditionally been used. SBS can be tested by various methods, which may include serology, PCR analysis, and necropsy. Several pathogens are unreliably detected by using SBS or transmitted poorly through soiled bedding, and collection and evaluation of SBS samples can be time-intensive. Recently, exhaust air dust (EAD) testing through PCR analysis has emerged as an adjunct or replacement method for rodent colony health monitoring. EAD monitoring may provide a more efficient, sensitive, and humane method for monitoring health status. Using both EAD and SBS health monitoring, we evaluated colony health over the course of 1 y in 3 research barrier rooms in which mice were housed exclusively on IVC racks. Three pathogens—Helicobacter spp., Rodentibacter spp. (previously Pasteurella pneumotropica), and murine norovirus (MNV)—were not excluded in 2 of the rooms, and we expected that these mice would test positive with some regularity. EAD monitoring was significantly more sensitive than SBS for detection of the bacterial agents. SBS failed to detect Helicobacter spp. at time points when EAD had 100% detection in the rooms that did not exclude the bacteria. The detection of MNV did not differ between health monitoring systems at any time point. The findings suggest that EAD is especially valuable in detecting bacteria poorly transmitted through soiled bedding. In addition, the corresponding results with MNV detection suggest that EAD surveillance can reliably be implemented as an alternative to SBS monitoring in a facility in which mice are housed exclusively on IVC racks.

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“…To be able to study NoV viability, the cultivable murine norovirus (MNV) is frequently used as a model 7,8 . Moreover, MNV infections are a common problem in mice in laboratory animal facilities 9 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Aerosolization and recovery of viable murine norovirus in an experimental setup

Alsved

Widell

Dahlin

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Noroviruses are the major cause for viral acute gastroenteritis in the world. Despite the existing infection prevention strategies in hospitals, the disease continues to spread and causes extensive and numerous outbreaks. Hence, there is a need to investigate the possibility of airborne transmission of norovirus. In this study, we developed an experimental setup for studies on the infectivity of aerosolized murine norovirus (MNV), a model for the human norovirus. Two aerosol generation principles were evaluated: bubble bursting, a common natural aerosolization mechanism, and nebulization, a common aerosolization technique in laboratory studies. The aerosolization setup was characterized by physical and viral dilution factors, generated aerosol particle size distributions, and the viral infectivity after aerosolization. We found a lower physical dilution factor when using the nebulization generator than with the bubble bursting generator. The viral dilution factor of the system was higher than the physical dilution; however, when comparing the physical and viral dilution factors, bubble bursting generation was more efficient. The infectivity per virus was similar using either generation principle, suggesting that the generation itself had a minor impact on MNV infectivity and that instead, the effect of drying in air could be a major reason for infectivity losses.

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Murine norovirus detection in the exhaust air of IVCs is more sensitive than serological analysis of soiled bedding sentinels

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

Multiplex Immunochromatographic Assay for Serologic Diagnosis of Major Infectious Diseases in Laboratory Mice

Multiplex Immunochromatographic Assay for Serologic Diagnosis of Major Infectious Diseases in Laboratory Mice

Comparing Mouse Health Monitoring Between Soiled-bedding Sentinel and Exhaust Air Dust Surveillance Programs

Aerosolization and recovery of viable murine norovirus in an experimental setup

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