Murine Cytomegalovirus and Other Herpesviruses

Shellam, Geoffrey; Redwood, Alec; Smith, Lorraine P.; Gorman, Shelley

doi:10.1016/b978-012369454-6/50029-7

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 530 publications

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“…The genomes of both viruses are colinear, and both viruses establish latent infection that reactivates upon immunosuppression to cause disseminated, often fatal, disease. Major cell types and organs infected by both viruses, the course of infection, and the type of pathology seen, are essentially identical, with the notable exception that MCMV does not cross the placenta (29).…”

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confidence: 75%

Laboratory Strains of Murine Cytomegalovirus Are Genetically Similar to but Phenotypically Distinct from Wild Strains of Virus

Smith

McWhorter

Masters

et al. 2008

J Virol

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Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is widely used to model human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection.However, it is known that serially passaged laboratory strains of HCMV differ significantly from recently isolated clinical strains of HCMV. It is therefore axiomatic that clinical models of HCMV using serially passaged strains of MCMV may not be able to fully represent the complexities of the system they are attempting to model and may not fully represent the complex biology of MCMV. To determine whether genotypic and phenotypic differences also exist between laboratory strains of MCMV and wild derived strains of MCMV, we sequenced the genomes of three low-passage strains of MCMV, plus the laboratory strain, K181. We coupled this genetic characterization to their phenotypic characteristics. In contrast to what is seen with HCMV (and rhesus CMV), there were no major genomic rearrangements in the MCMV genomes. In addition, the genome size was remarkably conserved between MCMV strains with no major insertions or deletions. There was, however, significant sequence variation between strains of MCMV, particularly at the genomic termini. These more subtle genetic differences led to considerable differences in in vivo replication with some strains of MCMV, such as WP15B, replicating preferentially in otherwise-MCMV-resistant C57BL/6 mice. CBA mice were no more resistant to MCMV than C57BL/6 mice and for some MCMV strains appeared to control infection less well than C57BL/6 mice. It is apparent that the previously described host resistance patterns of inbred mice and MCMV are not consistently applicable for all MCMV strains.

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confidence: 75%

Laboratory Strains of Murine Cytomegalovirus Are Genetically Similar to but Phenotypically Distinct from Wild Strains of Virus

Smith

McWhorter

Masters

et al. 2008

J Virol

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“…To date, MCMV has been described only in a single mouse subspecies, Mus musculus domesticus (1). We used the European HMHZ to investigate whether another subspecies of the house mouse, Mus musculus musculus, could also carry MCMV and how specific MCMV was for its host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the species Mus musculus, the "house mouse," 5 subspecies are recognized: Mus musculus musculus, Mus musculus domesticus, Mus musculus castaneus, Mus musculus gentilulus, and Mus musculus molossinus. So far, MCMV has been investigated and isolated in only one of these subspecies, Mus musculus domesticus (see above), leaving the presence of MCMV in other members of this taxon an open question (1). The subspecies M. m. domesticus is one of the most successful invasive mammals and is now present worldwide owing to its synanthropy.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Murine cytomegalovirus 1 (MCMV), also called Murid herpesvirus 1 (MuHV-1), is a betaherpesvirus of the house mouse and one of its most studied pathogens, because it serves as a laboratory model for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, which can be highly pathogenic for immunocompromised individuals (1). Almost all laboratory research on MCMV uses either the Smith or the K181 strain of the virus (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Murine Cytomegalovirus Is Not Restricted to the House Mouse Mus musculus domesticus: Prevalence and Genetic Diversity in the European House Mouse Hybrid Zone

Bellocq

Baird

Albrechtová

et al. 2015

J Virol

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Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is a betaherpesvirus of the house mouse, Mus musculus domesticus. It is a common infectious agent of wild mice and a highly studied pathogen of the laboratory mouse. Betaherpesviruses are specific to their hosts, and it is not known if other Mus taxa carry MCMV or if it is restricted to M. m. domesticus. We sampled mice over a 145-km transect of Bavaria-Bohemia crossing a hybrid zone between M. m. domesticus and Mus musculus musculus in order to investigate the occurrence of MCMV in two Mus subspecies and to test the limits of the specificity of the virus for its host. We hypothesized that if the two subspecies carry MCMV and if the virus is highly specific to its host, C ytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are enveloped double-stranded DNA viruses (family Herpesviridae, subfamily Betaherpesvirinae) that have coevolved with their vertebrate hosts. Murine cytomegalovirus 1 (MCMV), also called Murid herpesvirus 1 (MuHV-1), is a betaherpesvirus of the house mouse and one of its most studied pathogens, because it serves as a laboratory model for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, which can be highly pathogenic for immunocompromised individuals (1). Almost all laboratory research on MCMV uses either the Smith or the K181 strain of the virus (2). The Smith strain was originally isolated from salivary gland tissue of laboratory mice in the United States in 1954 (3), and the K181 strain was selected by repeated passage of the prototype Smith strain in mouse submaxillary glands (2). These strains have been serially passaged in vivo and in vitro-in the case of the Smith virus, for more than 50 years. Apart from the two standard MCMV laboratory strains, several strains have been isolated from wild house mice in Australia, Beacon Island, and Macquarie Island, and their whole genomes have been sequenced (2, 4, 5). These strains are genetically different from strains Smith and K181 (4) and show in vivo replication kinetics different from those of the standard strains (5), suggesting that the patterns of host resistance to MCMV described for inbred mice are not applicable to all MCMV strains (2). All of these strains have been isolated either from a single subspecies of mouse, Mus musculus domesticus, or from lab mice, which are derived mostly from M. m. domesticus stocks (6).Several studies have investigated the occurrence of antibodies

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“…MCMV replicates and produces progeny virus over the course of 18–36 h post-infection 13,14 . To assess the replication of MCMV in host cells, murine fibroblast cells were infected with either control or laser-treated MCMV and imaged for GFP fluorescence at 24, 48, and 72h post-infection (Figure 5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrashort pulsed laser treatment inactivates viruses by inhibiting viral replication and transcription in the host nucleus

Tsen¹,

Chapa²,

Beatty³

et al. 2014

Antiviral Research

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Ultrashort pulsed laser irradiation is a new method for virus reduction in pharmaceuticals and blood products. Current evidence suggests that ultrashort pulsed laser irradiation inactivates viruses through an impulsive stimulated Raman scattering process, resulting in aggregation of viral capsid proteins. However, the specific functional defect(s) in viruses inactivated in this manner have not been demonstrated. This information is critical for the optimization and the extension of this treatment platform to other applications. Toward this goal, we investigated whether viral internalization, replication, or gene expression in cells were altered by ultrashort pulsed laser irradiation. Murine Cytomegalovirus (MCMV), an enveloped DNA virus, was used as a model virus. Using electron and fluorescence microscopy, we found that laser-treated MCMV virions successfully internalized in cells, as evidenced by the detection of intracellular virions, which was confirmed by the detection of intracellular viral DNA via PCR. Although the viral DNA itself remained polymerase-amplifiable after laser treatment, no viral replication or gene expression was observed in cells infected with laser-treated virus. These results, along with evidence from previous studies, support a model whereby the laser treatment stabilizes the capsid, which inhibits capsid uncoating within cells. By targeting the mechanical properties of viral capsids, ultrashort pulsed laser treatment represents a unique potential strategy to overcome viral mutational escape, with implications for combatting emerging or drug-resistant pathogens.

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Murine Cytomegalovirus and Other Herpesviruses

Cited by 20 publications

References 530 publications

Laboratory Strains of Murine Cytomegalovirus Are Genetically Similar to but Phenotypically Distinct from Wild Strains of Virus

Laboratory Strains of Murine Cytomegalovirus Are Genetically Similar to but Phenotypically Distinct from Wild Strains of Virus

Murine Cytomegalovirus Is Not Restricted to the House Mouse Mus musculus domesticus: Prevalence and Genetic Diversity in the European House Mouse Hybrid Zone

Ultrashort pulsed laser treatment inactivates viruses by inhibiting viral replication and transcription in the host nucleus

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