Murine and Human Cathelicidins Contribute Differently to Hallmarks of Mastitis Induced by Pathogenic Prototheca bovis Algae

Shahid, Muhammad; Cavalcante, Paloma A.; Knight, Cameron G.; Barkema, Herman W.; Han, Bo; Gao, Jian; Cobo, Eduardo R.

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00031

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…Infected mice developed severe acute mastitis (Group b). Mice’s mammary epithelial lobules, interstitial fibrovascular tissue, and interlobular adipose tissue infiltrated a mixed group of inflammatory cells, including lymphocytes and plasma cells, neutrophils, macrophages ( 26 ). Group a is a blank control group; the mouse mammary epithelial cell acinar structure is complete without noticeable pathological changes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS 1.0344 on LPS-Induced Mastitis In Vitro and In Vivo

et al. 2021

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Cow mastitis, which significantly lowers milk quality, is mainly caused by pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli. Previous studies have suggested that lactic acid bacteria can have antagonistic effects on pathogenic bacteria that cause mastitis. In the current study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo alleviative effects of L. plantarum KLDS 1.0344 in mastitis treatment. In vitro antibacterial experiments were performed using bovine mammary epithelial cell (bMEC), followed by in vivo studies involving mastitis mouse models. In vitro results indicate that lactic acid was the primary substance inhibiting the E. coli pathogen. Meanwhile, treatment with L. plantarum KLDS 1.0344 can reduce cytokines’ mRNA expression levels in the inflammatory response of bMEC induced by LPS. In vivo, the use of this strain reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, and decreased the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), and inhibited the secretion of p-p65 and p-IκBα. These results indicate that L. plantarum KLDS 1.0344 pretreatment can reduce the expression of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway, thus exerting prevent the occurrence of inflammation in vivo. Our findings show that L. plantarum KLDS 1.0344 has excellent properties as an alternative to antibiotics and can be developed into lactic acid bacteria preparation to prevent mastitis disease.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS 1.0344 on LPS-Induced Mastitis In Vitro and In Vivo

et al. 2021

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“…were characterized as P. bovis and P. ciferrii by several methods. Firstly, based on cellular fatty acid pattern, P. bovis had more eicosadienoic acid (C20:2) compared to P. ciferrii [ 7 ]. Secondly, we determined 18S rDNA sequences using genotype-specific PCR.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amplified fragments were sent for sequencing (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China). Then, P. bovis and P. ciferrii were characterized by genotype-specific primers [ 3 , 7 ]. Additionally, the P. bovis and P. ciferrii genotypes were further confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis targeting the cytb gene fragment [ 7 , 30 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is characterized by an abrupt decrease in both milk production and quality, an increased somatic cell count, and frequently culling, with substantial economic losses [ 6 ]. Among Prototheca spp., P. bovis was the causative pathogen of bovine mastitis, whereas P. ciferrii occasionally causes granulomatous lesions in experimentally infected bovine udders and protothecosis in humans [ 7 , 8 ]. Prototheca spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prototheca spp. induce an inflammatory response via mtROS-mediated activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways in bovine mammary epithelial cell cultures

Zhao

Barkema

et al. 2021

Vet Res

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Emergence of bovine mastitis caused by Prototheca algae is the impetus to better understand these infections. Both P. bovis and P. ciferrii belong to Prototheca algae, but they differ in their pathogenicity to induce inflammatory responses. The objective was to characterize and compare pathogenesis of inflammatory responses in bMECs induced by P. bovis versus P. ciferrii. Mitochondrial ultrastructure, activity and mtROS in bMECs were assessed with transmission electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-18, were measured by ELISA and real-time PCR, whereas expressions of various proteins in the NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways were detected with immunofluorescence or Western blot. Infection with P. bovis or P. ciferrii damaged mitochondria, including dissolution and vacuolation of cristae, and decreased mitochondrial activity, with P. bovis being more pathogenic and causing greater destruction. There were increases in NADPH production and mtROS accumulation in infected bMECs, with P. bovis causing greater increases and also inducing higher cytokine concentrations. Expressions of NF-κB-p65, p-NF-κB-p65, IκBα and p-IκBα proteins in the NF-κB pathway, as well as NLRP3, Pro Caspase1, Caspase1 p20, ASC, Pro IL-1β, and IL-1β proteins in the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, were significantly higher in P. bovis-infected bMECs. However, mito-TEMPO significantly inhibited production of cytokines and decreased expression of proteins in NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways in bMECs infected with either P. bovis or P. ciferrii. In conclusion, P. bovis or P. ciferrii infections induced inflammatory responses in bMECs, with increased mtROS in damaged mitochondria and activated NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways, with P. bovis causing a more severe reaction.

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“…W odpowiedzi na kontakt z patogenem komórki te inicjują zapalną odpowiedź immunologiczną. Po naruszeniu mechanizmów obronnych nabłonka glony Prototheca mogą atakować makrofagi, powodując, iż patogen staje się bardziej niedostępny dla antybiotyków i trudniej wykryć go metodami diagnostycznymi [44,45]. Mastitis u krów spowodowane przez glony Prototheca spp.…”

Section: Psyunclassified

Protothecosis in humans and animals

Krukowski¹,

Kułaga²

2022

Med Srod.

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Wprowadzenie i cel. Glony z rodzaju Prototheca to bardzo interesujące i wyjątkowe mikroorganizmy należące do królestwa roślin (Regnum Vegetabile), które są w stanie zakazić zwierzęta i ludzi, powodując choroby zwane prototekozami. Przez długi czas glony z rodzaju Prototheca nie były uznawane za patogeny groźne dla ludzi. Ewentualne izolacje tych mikroorganizmów z ran, krwi czy kału zazwyczaj interpretowano jako saprofity bądź też zanieczyszczenia. Celem pracy jest zaprezentowanie dotychczasowego stanu wiedzy dotyczącego biologii, identyfikacji oraz chorobotwórczości dla ludzi i zwierząt bezchlorofilowych glonów z rodzaju Prototheca. Opis stanu wiedzy. Prototekozy to dość nielicznie spotykane infekcje, wywoływane przez bezchorofilowe glony z rodzaju Prototheca, które są szeroko rozpowszechnione w środowisku. Glony te są patogenami dla zwierząt i człowieka. Prototheca spp. mogą powodować infekcje u ludzi, ale stanowią także problem w przypadku zakażeń zwierząt (przede wszystkim gdy wywołują zapalenie wymienia u krów mlecznych), przynosząc znaczące straty ekonomiczne. Budowa glonów z rodzaju Prototheca powoduje, że są one oporne na większość fungistatyków, antybiotyków, środków dezynfekcyjnych, a także cechują się opornością na wysokie temperatury. Podsumowanie. Ze względu na zdolność glonów Prototheca do zakażania organizmów zwierzęcych, jak i ludzkich oraz ich dużą oporność na wiele czynników i środków istotne jest pogłębienie wiedzy dotyczącej glonów Prototheca i lepsze poznanie tych niezwykle ciekawych mikroorganizmów, aby w przyszłości móc bardziej efektywnie leczyć prototekozy, które ze względu na zwiększającą się liczbę osób z obniżoną odpornością mogą dotyczyć coraz to więcej nie tylko zwierząt, ale także i ludzi.

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Murine and Human Cathelicidins Contribute Differently to Hallmarks of Mastitis Induced by Pathogenic Prototheca bovis Algae

Cited by 11 publications

References 84 publications

The Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS 1.0344 on LPS-Induced Mastitis In Vitro and In Vivo

The Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS 1.0344 on LPS-Induced Mastitis In Vitro and In Vivo

Prototheca spp. induce an inflammatory response via mtROS-mediated activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways in bovine mammary epithelial cell cultures

Protothecosis in humans and animals

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