Muriel Spark and the Art of Deception: Constructing Plausibility with the Methods of WWII Black Propaganda

Abstract

From May to October 1944, Muriel Spark was employed by the Political Warfare Executive (PWE), a secret service created by Britain during the Second World War with the mission of spreading propaganda to enemy and enemy-occupied countries. This was a formative experience which allowed her to develop an understanding of literal truth as elusive and historically contingent—even a constructed effect—as well as an interest in fictional fabrication and deception. Drawing on an account of the methods of WWII British black propaganda, Spark’s biographical accounts, and heretofore untapped archival documents from the Political Warfare Executive Papers (National Archives), this essay analyses how Spark employs the fictional equivalent of the methods of WWII black propaganda in order to examine the creation of plausibility in her novels. It explores Spark’s deployment of verifiable facts, evidence, precise information, appropriate tone, narrative coherence, targeting, covert motives, chronological disruption and repetition to construct the key elements of fiction in her novels. I argue that such fictional strategies provide a political and moral antidote to totalitarian thinking by presenting reality as necessarily contingent, and therefore open to external contestation and democratic debate. Bringing together history, biography and literary criticism, this is the first systematic and archivally supported examination of how Spark’s work for the PWE opens up a way of rethinking her fascination with the art of deception.

We, the Narodniks: Russian Populism, Political Propaganda, and the Press in the 19th Century

“…Publishers' reputation for accuracy was a credit to them (Williams, 2000). This is a curious aspect of Narodnik propaganda and opposes the idea of propaganda always linked to deception, as it would prevail in the 20th century and 21st centuries (Lopez, 2020;McDonald, 2006;Wilcox, 2005). The success of the Kolokol fostered the creation of many other newspapers by the Free Russian Press (and even within Russia) with a similar ideological political approach (although unpartisan) -political parties would only emerge in Russia at the end of the 19th century.…”