Muramidase in myeloproliferative disorders terminating in acute leukemia

Abstract

During serial studies of serum muramidase activity (SMA) over a 4‐year period on 168 patients with leukemia and myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) eight patients—one with polycythemia vera (PCV), one with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, three with atypical myeloid metaplasia, and three with chronic myelogenous leukemia—developed acute myeloblastic or acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML). Onset of leukemia occurred early during the course of the disease and was associated with striking elevation of SMA in all six patients with AMML. Three patients studied in detail had significant hypokalemia possibly related to toxic effects of an excess of muramidase on renal tubules. Seven of the eight patients received therapy, consisting of splenic irradiation, alkylating agents, or both. Rapid rise of SMA in patients with MPD may herald the onset of acute leukemic metamorphosis.

Serum lysozyme in inflammatory bowel and coeliac disease.

“…Among the cells, lysozyme occurs in relatively high concentrations in granulocytes and monocytes (Briggs et al, 1966;Asamer et al, 1971), from which most of the enzyme probably derives (Finch et al, 1964;Lippman and Finch, 1972). Serum lysozyme activity has been found to be increased in myeloproliferative disorders with increased granulocyte turnover (Osserman and Lawlor, 1966;Skarin et al, 1972), in megaloblastic anaemia (Perillie et al, 1967), acute bacterial infections, and leukaemoid reactions. Increased values have been found in patients with severe renal impairment (Niwa et al, 1974).…”

Muramidasuria and Hyperkaluria in the Chloroleukemic Rat

“…In some of these patients, severe hypokalemia with kaluresis has been noted (3,4 ) . The loss of potassium has been attributed to tubular damage due to renal deposition of muramidase.…”

“…Studies on patients with acute m yelomonoc y tic leukemia have demonstrated the association of hypermuramidasuria and hypokalemia (3,4). Two major theories exist concerning the renal clearance of muramidase and the effect on the kidney of high serum muramidase levels.…”

Υποκαλιαιμία Και Υπομαγνησιαιμία Σε Ασθενείς Με Οξεία Μυελογενή Λευχαιμία

“…Λυσοζύμη ορού και Βιολογικών υγρών σε παθολογικές καταστάσεις Οπως αναφέρθηκε πιο πάνω η λυσοζύμη είναι ένζυμο που περιέχεται σε πολλές εξωκρινείς εκκρίσεις όπως ο σίελος και τα δάκρυα, σε πολλούς ιστούς του ανθρώπινου σώματος (1) και ακόμη στα κοκκιοκύτταρα, τα μονοκύτταρα και σε προγονικά τους κύτταρα στο μυελό των οστών (24). Δεν είναι λοιπόν περίεργο ότι αυξημένα επίπεδα λυσοζύμης στον ορό έχουν βρεθεί σε ασθενείς με κοκκιωματώδεις νόσους όπως η φυματίωση (51) και η σαρκοείδωση (52) καθώς και σε ασθενείς με μυελογενείς λευχαιμίες (53,54), μεγαλοβλαστική αναιμία (55) και οξείες βακτηριακές λοιμώξεις.…”