Mupirocin-Resistant, Methicillin-Resistant
            <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
            Strains in Canadian Hospitals

Simor, Andrew E.; Stuart, Tammy L.; Louie, Lisa; Watt, Christine; Ofner-Agostini, Marianne; Gravel, Denise; Mulvey, Michael R.; Loeb, Mark; McGeer, Allison; Bryce, Elizabeth; Matlow, Anne

doi:10.1128/aac.00846-07

Cited by 154 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Consequently, the reasonable use of disinfectant in hospitals is necessary and justifiable. Mupirocin resistance in S. aureus, especially in MRSA, has been reported in many studies (McNeil et al, 2011;Simor et al, 2007). McNeil et al (2011) showed that 11 % of S. aureus isolates carried the mupA gene and that the gene was more frequent in MSSA isolates than in MRSA isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from different clinical specimens of inpatients at a teaching hospital in Shanghai between 2005 and 2010

Yan

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Staphylococcus aureus, including meticillin-sensitive and -resistant S. aureus (MSSA and MRSA, respectively), is associated with severe nosocomial human infections. This study aimed to investigate the molecular profile, including the dynamic changes and genotype/phenotype correlation, of S. aureus isolates recovered from different clinical specimens of inpatients with S. aureus infection over a 6-year span at a teaching hospital in Shanghai, China. Between 2005 and 2010, a random sample of 610 unique S. aureus isolates was collected from different clinical samples of inpatients with S. aureus infection for molecular and antibiotic susceptibility analysis. The results showed that, among the 610 S. aureus isolates, 20 sequence types (STs) determined by multi-locus sequence typing (primarily ST239, ST5, ST7, ST188 and ST398) and 52 spa types (primarily t002, t037, t030 and t601) were found. In total, 444 isolates (72.8 %) were MRSA and 166 (27.2 %) were MSSA. ST239-MRSA-III-spa t037 and ST5-MRSA-II-spa t002 were the predominant MRSA clones. From 2005 to 2010, spa t002, spa t037 and their corresponding STs (ST5 and ST239) were the most frequent clones among all of the S. aureus isolates and showed the most resistant phenotypes to various antibiotics. Generally, the different genotypes showed different drug resistance rates, but no isolates were resistant to vancomycin, teicoplanin or linezolid. The profiles of virulence and resistance genes differed by genetic background, with the ST239 and ST5 strains showing higher resistance rates to gentamicin, cefoxitin, ampicillin, cefazolin, erythromycin, clindamycin and levofloxacin than strains of other types. Moreover, the antiseptic resistance genes qacA/B were generally associated with these two types. The prevalence of STs was different among different clinical specimens and also changed by year. Recently (2009Recently ( -2010, the distribution of predominant MRSA clones decreased, whilst the prevalence of non-predominant MSSA clones increased, especially for the isolates causing bacteraemia. Continual monitoring of clinical isolates is necessary to develop and maintain an effective strategy against S. aureus infection in the hospital setting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from different clinical specimens of inpatients at a teaching hospital in Shanghai between 2005 and 2010

Yan

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…24 Although the use of cannabinoids as systemic antibacterial agents awaits rigorous clinical trials and an assessment of the extent of their inactivation by serum, 25 their topical application to reduce skin colonization by MRSA seems promising, since MRSA resistant to mupirocin, the standard antibiotic for this indication, are being detected at a threatening rate. 26 Furthermore, since the cannabinoid anti-infective chemotype seems remarkably tolerant to modifications in the prenyl moiety, semipurified mixtures of cannabinoids could also be used as cheap and biodegradable antibacterial agents for cosmetics and toiletries, providing an alternative to the substantially much less potent synthetic preservatives, many of which are currently questioned for their suboptimal safety and environmental profile.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa: A Structure−Activity Study

et al. 2008

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Marijuana (Cannabis sativa) has long been known to contain antibacterial cannabinoids, whose potential to address antibiotic resistance has not yet been investigated. All five major cannabinoids (cannabidiol (1b), cannabichromene (2), cannabigerol (3b), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (4b), and cannabinol (5)) showed potent activity against a variety of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains of current clinical relevance. Activity was remarkably tolerant to the nature of the prenyl moiety, to its relative position compared to the n-pentyl moiety (abnormal cannabinoids), and to carboxylation of the resorcinyl moiety (pre-cannabinoids). Conversely, methylation and acetylation of the phenolic hydroxyls, esterification of the carboxylic group of pre-cannabinoids, and introduction of a second prenyl moiety were all detrimental for antibacterial activity. Taken together, these observations suggest that the prenyl moiety of cannabinoids serves mainly as a modulator of lipid affinity for the olivetol core, a per se poorly active antibacterial pharmacophore, while their high potency definitely suggests a specific, but yet elusive, mechanism of activity.

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“…9,31,32 Mupirocin resistance has been reported in some studies of MRSA decolonization, 9,30 but not all such studies. 8,[32][33][34][35] MRSA resistance to chlorhexidine lacks a standard definition, but recent reports suggest that resistant strains are rare in the United States. 36,37 A gene encoding a multidrug efflux pump that is active against chlorhexidine has been reported in MRSA, 38 but its clinical significance is not understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%