Muon flux measurement at China Jinping Underground Laboratory *

Guo, Ziyi; Bathe-Peters, L.; Chen, Shaomin; Chouaki, Mourad; Dou, Wei; Guo, L.; Hussain, G.; Li, Jinjing; Liu, Qian; Luo, Guang; Luo, Wentai; Qi, M.; Shao, Wen-Hui; Tang, J.; Wan, L.; Wang, Zhe; Xu, Benda; Xu, Tingfa; Xu, W.; Yang, Y.; Yeh, M.; Zhao, Lin

doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abccae

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Sixteen oxygen-free high thermal conductivity (OFHC) copper bricks (their chemical purities are greater than 99.995% with natural isotope abundance) with a total mass of 142.50 kg, 20 × 10 × 5 cm in size, were exposed to cosmic rays and measured in this study. The cosmic-ray muon flux in the CJPL is suppressed by eight orders of magnitude compared to surface laboratories due to 2400 m rock overburden [22,23]. These OFHC copper bricks have been housed in the CJPL for more than four years.…”

Section: Experiments and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of cosmogenic activation in copper for rare event search experiments

She

Zeng

et al. 2021

Eur. Phys. J. C

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Rare event search experiments using germanium detectors are performed in underground laboratories to minimize the background induced by cosmic rays. However, the cosmogenic activation of cupreous detector components on the ground generates long half-life radioisotopes and contributes to the background level. We measured cosmogenic activation with 142.50 kg of copper bricks after 504 days of exposure at an altitude of 2469.4 m outside the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL). The specific activities of the cosmogenic nuclides produced in the copper bricks were measured using a low-background germanium gamma-ray spectrometer at CJPL. The production rates at sea level, in units of nuclei/kg/day, were $${18.6 \pm 2.0}$$ 18.6 ± 2.0 for $${^{54}}$$ 54 Mn, $${9.9 \pm 1.3}$$ 9.9 ± 1.3 for $${^{56}}$$ 56 Co, $${48.3 \pm 5.5}$$ 48.3 ± 5.5 for $${^{57}}$$ 57 Co, $${51.8 \pm 2.5}$$ 51.8 ± 2.5 for $${^{58}}$$ 58 Co, and $${39.7 \pm 5.7}$$ 39.7 ± 5.7 for $${^{60}}$$ 60 Co. The measurement will help to constrain cosmogenic background estimation for rare event searches using copper as a detector structure and shielding material. Based on the measured production rates, the impact of the cosmogenic background in cupreous components of germanium detectors on the next generation CDEX-100 experiment was assessed with the expected exposure history above ground.

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Section: Experiments and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of cosmogenic activation in copper for rare event search experiments

She

Zeng

et al. 2021

Eur. Phys. J. C

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“…Jinping. The Jinping underground laboratory in China (258) has a 2.4-km rock overburden, which results in a cosmic-ray muon flux almost as low as that at SNOLAB (259). A 5-kt scintillator detector is planned at this site; the goal is to deploy a high-light-yield organic scintillator with careful target selection and high-precision, high-coverage instrumentation such that the Cherenkov signal can be leveraged for direction reconstruction and particle identification.…”

Section: Hybrid Optical Neutrino Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Future of Solar Neutrinos

Gann

Zuber

Bemmerer

et al. 2021

Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci.

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In this article we review the current state of the field of solar neutrinos, including flavor oscillations, nonstandard effects, solar models, cross section measurements, and the broad experimental program thus motivated and enabled. We describe the historical discoveries that contributed to current knowledge, and define critical open questions to be addressed in the next decade. We discuss standard solar models, including uncertainties and problems related to the solar composition, and review experimental and model solar neutrino fluxes, including future prospects. We review the state of the art of the nuclear reaction data relevant for solar fusion in the proton–proton chain and carbon–nitrogen–oxygen cycle. Finally, we review the current and future experimental programs that can address outstanding questions in this field. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 71 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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“…The adopted abundances are then employed to obtain the HPEs masses and predicted radiogenic heat as explained above erosion processes [67]. In particular, these observe that (1) terrestrial mantle rocks' isotopic ratios of 142 Nd/ 144 Nd, 187 Os/ 188 Os, the atmospheric 84 Kr/ 130 Xe and the isotopic anomalies in 17 O, ε 48 Ca, ε 50 Ti, ε 54 Cr, ε 64 Ni, ε 92 Mo, ε 100 Ru, and μ 142 Nd [152] are not matched by any known meteorite and cannot be explained by the nucleosynthetic variability among chondrites [65,158,160], (2) Moon isotopic composition seems to match Earth's one, hinting to a collisional origin caused by large impact after Earth differentiation, (3) the Earth's volatility pattern shows a depletion dependence on incompatibility, suggesting volatilization from early-formed crust during the latter stages of accretion. This assumption would explain the apparent paradox of the missing 40 Ar planetary budget, otherwise requiring degassed hidden reservoirs [65,160].…”

Section: Table 18mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this section, the main features of the future detectors are discussed together with the potential advances in geoneutrino science represented by the detection of directionality antineutrino and of potassium geoneutrinos not yet permitted by the present technology. Detectors depths are taken from [186][187][188], while reported muon fluxes come from [186,188,189]. For each detector, the total expected geoneutrino signal S(U + Th), the lithospheric signal S LS (U + Th) and the mantle contribution S M (U + Th) are calculated according to H13.…”

Section: What Next?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each detector, the total expected geoneutrino signal S(U + Th), the lithospheric signal S LS (U + Th) and the mantle contribution S M (U + Th) are calculated according to H13. For SNO + , the obtained lithospheric signal is updated adopting the refined crustal model of [188] for the NFC. The expected reactor antineutrino (S Rea ) signals in the Geoneutrino Energy Region (GER, from 1.8 to 3.3 MeV) and in the Full Energy Region (FER, 1.8-10 MeV) at detector site were calculated from 2019 PRIS data following [54].…”

Section: What Next?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geoneutrinos and geoscience: an intriguing joint-venture

et al. 2021

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The review is conceived to provide a useful toolbox to understand present geoneutrino results with a view to shed light on Earth's energetics and composition. The status of the geoneutrino field is presented starting from the comprehension of their production, propagation, and detection, and going on with the experimental and technological features of the Borexino and KamLAND ongoing experiments. The current understanding of the energetical, geophysical and geochemical traits of our planet is examined in a critical analysis of the currently available models. By combining theoretical models and experimental results, the mantle geoneutrino signal extracted from the results of the two experiments demonstrates the effectiveness in investigating deep earth radioactivity through geoneutrinos from different sites. The obtained results are discussed and framed in the puzzle of the diverse classes of formulated Bulk Silicate Earth models, analyzing their implications on planetary heat budget and composition. As final remarks, we turn our gaze to the prospects in the field of geoneutrinos presenting the expectations of experiments envisaged for the next decade and the engaging technological challenges foreseen. List of symbols a(K) XAbundance of potassium in the reservoir X (ng g −1 or mg g −1 ) a(Th) X Abundance of uranium in the reservoir X (ng g −1 or mg g −1 )B G. Bellini

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Muon flux measurement at China Jinping Underground Laboratory *

Cited by 29 publications

References 31 publications

Study of cosmogenic activation in copper for rare event search experiments

Study of cosmogenic activation in copper for rare event search experiments

The Future of Solar Neutrinos

Geoneutrinos and geoscience: an intriguing joint-venture

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