Municipal wastewater treatment via co-immobilized microalgal-bacterial symbiosis: Microorganism growth and nutrients removal

Immobilizing nitrifying bacteria with Fe2O3‐CaO‐SiO2 porous glass‐ceramics

“…This is mainly because the increase in the pore forming agent content increases the apparent porosity of the porous glass‐ceramic samples, which in turn increases the specific surface area and provides the solid surface for the growth and breeding of nitrifying bacteria, thus increasing the total immobilization amounts of nitrifying bacteria. At the same time, electrostatic adherence is an important mechanism for immobilization of microorganisms in porous glass‐ceramics . There is a large number of Si‐O unsaturated bonds in the porous glass‐ceramics section with a positive electric field of Si 4+ and the negative electric field around O 2‐ .…”

The interactions of an algae–fungi symbiotic system influence nutrient removal from synthetic wastewater

“…This suggests that microbes from activated sewage promote nutrient removal and benefit algal growth. Using microalgae and bacteria for the treatment of both municipal and industrial wastewater has received much attention recently . In such a system, the oxygen required by heterotrophic bacteria is provided by the photosynthesis of microalgae; in turn, the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) released from bacterial respiration can be utilized by microalgae for photosynthesis …”

“…Using microalgae and bacteria for the treatment of both municipal and industrial wastewater has received much attention recently. 6,7 In such a system, the oxygen required by heterotrophic bacteria is provided by the photosynthesis of microalgae; in turn, the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) released from bacterial respiration can be utilized by microalgae for photosynthesis. 7 Similar to bacteria, fungi can also promote the cultivation of microalgae; however, this has not been seriously investigated to date.…”

“…6,7 In such a system, the oxygen required by heterotrophic bacteria is provided by the photosynthesis of microalgae; in turn, the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) released from bacterial respiration can be utilized by microalgae for photosynthesis. 7 Similar to bacteria, fungi can also promote the cultivation of microalgae; however, this has not been seriously investigated to date. Zhang and Hu 8 co-cultured a filamentous fungal species with microalgae and reported that microalgal cells could be co-pelletized into fungal pellets for easier harvest due to their larger size compared to individual algal cells.…”

Performance and Microbial Community of Simultaneous Denitrification and Biomineralization in Bioreactors

“…Immobilized microbiological technology offers some advantages, such as a higher metabolic activity and a longer cell re-tention time within bioreactors [14,15]. The carrier of microbial immobilization are various, such as activated carbon, porous glass, quartz sand, diatomite, zeolite, calcium alginate, gel, as well as silica gel and other organic materials.…”