Municipal wastewater renovation by reverse osmosis state of the art

Ghabris, A.H.; Abdel-Jawad, M.; Aly, G.

doi:10.1016/0011-9164(89)85015-5

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Compared to other processes, RO offers several advantages (Williams, 2003): (1) high removal rates for many contaminants and pollutants, and can remove both inorganic and organic pollutants simultaneously, (2) simple to design and operate with low maintenance costs, and (3) often consume less energy. As a result of these advantages and many others, RO has been employed for treating wastewaters in chemical, textile, petrochemical, electrochemical, pulp and paper, mining and food industries as well as municipal wastewater (Ghabris, Abdel-Jawad, & Aly, 1989;Williams, 2003). A review of RO applications has shown that COD of the effluent may decrease by 90% or may be completely removed (Madaeni & Mansourpanah, 2006;Williams, 2003).…”

Section: Membrane Filtration Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water treatment and reuse in breweries

Simate

2015

Brewing Microbiology

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Section: Membrane Filtration Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water treatment and reuse in breweries

Simate

2015

Brewing Microbiology

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“…Specifically, in recent decades, RO has emerged as a promising technique for pollution abatement and drinking water production. This is owed to its excellent separation process, which exhibits a high rejection rate of water contaminants, including a broad range of organic and inorganic pollutants as well as micropollutants and microorganisms and pathogens [21][22][23]. When RO is used for municipal wastewater reclamation, it has been observed that Ca and Mg in wastewater can lead to membrane scaling, thus and antiscalant should be injected [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When RO is used for municipal wastewater reclamation, it has been observed that Ca and Mg in wastewater can lead to membrane scaling, thus and antiscalant should be injected [24]. Several studies have used lime, lime/soda ash, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , and Na 2 CO 3 , among others, to protect the membrane from fouling, scaling and metal poisoning [21,23]. However, in this work MgO is used towards struvite formation, which suggest that through Mg scavenging from the wastewater its concentration can be minimized, thus largely avoiding the need for antiscalants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advocating circular economy in wastewater treatment: Struvite formation and drinking water reclamation from real municipal effluents

Mavhungu

Masindi

Foteinis

et al. 2020

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

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In this pilot study, the circular economy concept in wastewater treatment was examined, through a zero liquid discharge (ZLD) process where struvite was recovered and drinking water was reclaimed. A stage wise approach was used for struvite formation and the subsequent reclamation of drinking water. Specifically, the early stages of treatment entail the synthesis of struvite via the chemical precipitation of nutrients (phosphate and ammonia), using thermally activated cryptocrystalline magnesite. Thence, reverse osmosis (RO) was employed for drinking water reclamation. With this dual approach, 3.5 m 3 of municipal wastewater were successfully treated at a pilot plant in South Africa, producing ~52.5 kg of struvite and ~3.4 m 3 of drinking water. The operating parameters were 30 min of residence time, 0.5 g : 500 mL solid to liquid (S/L) ratio, using ambient temperature and pH. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HR-SEM) coupled with electron dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the synthesis of struvite and the presence of notable Mg/P ratios. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) further ascertained the obtained results. Moreover, it was identified that the reclaimed water meets the South African National Standard (SANS) 241 and the world health organisation (WHO) standards for drinking water. An economic analysis revealed the viability of the process, suggesting that the system could be self-sustainable. Therefore, the results of this work indicate that introducing the concept of circular economy in wastewater treatment can promote the sustainable management of the ever-increasing quantities of municipal wastewater and at the same time address problems of emerging concern, such as water scarcity and phosphate shortage.

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Surface molecular imprinting on photosensitive dithiocarbamoyl polyacrylonitrile membranes using photograft polymerization

Wang

Kobayashi

Fujii

1997

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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: A cross-linking polymeric layer containing molecular imprint sites of theophylline (THO) was formed on a polyacrylonitrile membrane, which had a photosensitive dithiocarbamate group, by photograft copolymerization. In the presence of THO template molecules, aqueous solutions of N,N@-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) and acrylic acid (AA) were used for the photoinitiated polymerization. After the photograft polymerization, removal of the template was carried out and then an aqueous solution of THO or ca †eine (CAF) was permeated through the resultant membrane. It was found that the polymeric layer of MBAA and AA formed on the membrane surface can recognize with high efficiency the THO molecule and take it up into the surface layer of the membrane. Relative to THO, CAF was not taken up e †ectively by the membrane. The results indicated that the photograft treatment is useful for the formation of the THO-imprinted polymeric layer on the membrane surface.

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Municipal wastewater renovation by reverse osmosis state of the art

Cited by 16 publications

References 34 publications

Water treatment and reuse in breweries

Water treatment and reuse in breweries

Advocating circular economy in wastewater treatment: Struvite formation and drinking water reclamation from real municipal effluents

Surface molecular imprinting on photosensitive dithiocarbamoyl polyacrylonitrile membranes using photograft polymerization

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