Municipal Solid Waste to Energy: Palletization of Paper and Garden Waste into Refuse Derived Fuel

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to process a mixture of paper waste and garden waste based on material flow analysis and to analyze its parameters based on water content, ash content, heating value, along with Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA)/Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG). The garden waste treatment process consists of shredding, drying with a rotary dryer, separator, and then shaving with a hammer mill. Paper waste only needs a shredder process. Then, the mixing process and pelletizing of paper waste as well as garden waste are carried out according to the variation (w/w) 100% paper (K100), 75% paper (K75), 50% paper (K50), 25% paper (K25), and 100% garden waste (K0). The water content ranged from 5.8 to 15.25%. From K0 to K100 samples, the ash content increased from 4.54 to 9.85%. A correlation of 0.9047 was found from samples K0 to K100. There was a correlation between increasing calorific value along with the mixture with paper waste. The caloric value in K0 to K100 increased from 13.11 to 19.03 MJ/kg. The TGA/DTG analysis reduced mass due to water evaporation, devolatilization, and carbonization processes.

Prediction of recovery energy from ultimate analysis of waste generation in Depok City, Indonesia

“…Paper is a flammable material, which indicates that paper has high energy value [36]. Paper is a material derived from wood fibers that consist of cellulose and hemicellulose [13]. This wood fiber provides a good density quality in the fuel, and the wood fiber that is burned will provide a calorific value.…”

“…Processing waste into RDF consists of chopping, drying, and molding/pelleting so that the mass density and energy potential [9], [10]. Waste that is not mechanically processed tends to have the characteristics of high water content, high ash content, low calorific value, and heterogeneous waste size [11]- [13]. Processing waste into RDF aims to increase the fraction of combustible waste to produce fuel as a substitute or complement to fossil fuels.…”

Potential Utilization of Plastic River Debris as Electricity Power Plant in Jakarta, Indonesia

“…In general, plastic waste cannot be converted directly into electrical energy but is first converted into liquid, solid, or gas fuel, then converted into electrical energy using a generator. Several technologies can convert plastic and biomass waste into fuel, including conversion to solid fuel, liquid fuel, and conversion to gas fuel (Cheong et al, 2022;Gasim et al, 2022;Koko et al, 2022;Raksasat et al, 2021;Septiariva et al, 2022;Suryawan et al, 2022). Overall, the use of marine plastic debris in Jakarta can indeed supply 0.05% of Jakarta's total annual energy demand if carried out.…”

Alternative medical waste treatment during COVID-19 case study in Hospital X Jakarta City

“…A thermal process is one of the technologies used to treat medical waste utilizing controlled combustion, transforming waste into ash residue and exhaust gases, and destroying contaminated substances at high temperatures (Suryawan et al, 2022;Zahra et al, 2022) waste at a temperature of 800-1100 °C and treat almost all types of medical waste. In addition, incinerators can reduce the volume of waste material.…”