Municipal solid waste management in Kolkata, India – A review

Chattopadhyay, S.; Dutta, Arijit; Ray, Subhabrata

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.08.030

Cited by 126 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, today, one of the consequences of global urbanization is an increased amount of solid waste. About 1.3 × 10 9 t of municipal solid waste (MSW) was generated globally in 1990 [3], and, at present, the annual generation is approximately 1.6 × 10 9 t. The urban population in Asia generates around 760 × 10 3 t of MSW per day, and this is expected to increase to 1.8 × 10 6 t by 2025 [4] [5]. In almost all developing countries, city solid waste constitutes a hazard, be it from the ecological point of view or the public health point of view.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Household Solid Waste and Management in Tripoli City—Libya

Moftah¹,

Marković²,

Moftah³

et al. 2016

OJE

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Waste stream characteristics must be understood to tackle waste management problem in Tripoli city, Libya. It is recognized that information on both quantity and composition of generation waste is important for the effective planning of household waste handling infrastructure. So, this study is aimed to evaluating the generation, composition and density of household solid waste in Tripoli city, Libya. The study is carried out according to the Annex 2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Household Solid Waste and Management in Tripoli City—Libya

Moftah¹,

Marković²,

Moftah³

et al. 2016

OJE

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“…Solid waste in developing countries comprise mainly of organic material and particularly, in India, there is an increased fraction of biodegradable material and use of plastic and paper increases progressively (Chattopadhyay et al, 2008). Solid waste management practices vary for developed and developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Geo-spatial Technologies for Solid Waste Management: A Case Study-Islamabad, Pakistan

2015

May 13-14, 2015 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

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(F-6, F-7, G-6 and G-7). The objective of the study was to estimate the amount of solid waste generated from these four sectors and geographical location of the existing bins, skips and trolleys. Existing waste management plan is inadequate against the increased waste generation and low collection capacity from the municipal authorities. This study reveals that GIS tool can be useful to assist municipal authorities to improve the present solid waste management system within urban areas of the developing countries like Pakistan.

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“…Like many large cities in India, the primary collection of MSW in Kolkata involves the removal of street litter and household waste by street sweepers using hand carts, brooms and scrapers as tools. The collected waste is then temporarily stored in large masonry storage enclosures, trash bins and dumpsters located in depots, combined with waste collected from commercial and market areas, before being picked up and transported to the disposal site [172].There is no source segregation system currently in place, but recycling occurs through an informal system whereby newspapers, bottles or metal from households are reused or sold, or through the recovery of recyclable materials from refuse heaps or collection points by waste pickers and waste collectors [173].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study determined that by 2012 the Dhapa site would contain in the order of 11 million tonne of waste, at which time the height of all disposal areas would start exceeding the maximum stated limit of 40 m, if an alternative disposal site was not available [175]. A 700 ton per day mechanized compost plant was installed at Dhapa in April 2000 [172] but has not been operational since 2003 due to the high inert content in the segregated waste [173].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These values have changed somewhat between different IPCC reports, but an estimate in 2011 (using a methane GWP of 21) indicated that the combustion of the methane generated at the Dhapa site alone would result in a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of more than 400,000 tonne per year of CO2 equivalent [173]. It has been estimated however that 50% of the methane generated by MSW decomposition may be recovered by a future LFG collection system, and that such a recovery system may be feasible at the Dhapa site [30,173]. …”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy transitions in developing countries and the role of alternative liquid fuels in reducing energy poverty: exploring the use of domestically produced dimethyl ether (DME) to augment the use of imported liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a clean cooking fuel in India

Grové¹

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The lack of access to electricity and clean cooking fuels is commonly referred to as energy poverty. In 2014, approximately 819 million people in India relied on solid fuels (including wood, crop residue, dung and coal) for cooking, the use of which is claimed to contribute to premature death caused by indoor air pollution, deforestation and gender inequality. In the interest of improved health and wellbeing, the Indian Government is, therefore, promoting a transition to the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as a cleaner cooking fuel. Dimethyl ether (DME) is a LPG compatible synthetic fuel, and the primary purpose of this thesis is to understand the use of domestically produced DME to offset a growing Indian LPG import requirement.The thesis starts by exploring the links between alternative liquid fuels production and use, human wellbeing, energy poverty reduction and sustainable development (Objective 1).The analysis finds that the proportional share of income used to purchase fuel is larger in developing countries when compared with richer, more developed countries, and that extended periods of high oil prices may exacerbate poverty in developing countries which are dependent on oil imports. In addition to reducing this vulnerability, there is a strong (potential) synergy between the production and use of alternative liquid fuels and several of the United Nations sustainable development goals. These include the provision of affordable and clean energy, promoting economic growth, climate action, reducing inequality and improving health and wellbeing. Affordability is a key driver in the adoption (and continued use) of cleaner cooking fuels globally. Therefore, to be considered viable, the cost of domestically produced DME would have to be equal or lower than the cost of imported LPG. In this context, the remainder of the thesis is devoted to the technoeconomic evaluation of producing DME from three different feedstocks, each offering a different greenhouse gas emissions intensity.The first evaluation (Objective 2) is based on the conversion of low-grade Indian coal in Jharkhand, where 18% of households used coal as a cooking fuel in 2011. Based on using a similar (energy equivalent) quantity of coal, it was found that producing DME (with associated excess electricity) would likely require oil prices greater than $73 per barrel to be cost competitive with imported LPG.iii Additionally, and due to higher overall process and cooking energy efficiency, this approach could result in 36% less coal being consumed when compared with direct use of the coal for cooking and as a means of producing an equivalent amount of electricity.India's metropolitan cities generate large quantities of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), 90% of which is disposed of onto unsanitary landfills, creating major environmental and health concerns. This second evaluation (Objective 3) therefore considers the techno-economic merits of reducing some of these impacts by converting a portion of the MSW generated in Kolkata into DME. Results su...

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Municipal solid waste management in Kolkata, India – A review

Cited by 126 publications

References 7 publications

Characterization of Household Solid Waste and Management in Tripoli City—Libya

Characterization of Household Solid Waste and Management in Tripoli City—Libya

Utilization of Geo-spatial Technologies for Solid Waste Management: A Case Study-Islamabad, Pakistan

Energy transitions in developing countries and the role of alternative liquid fuels in reducing energy poverty: exploring the use of domestically produced dimethyl ether (DME) to augment the use of imported liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a clean cooking fuel in India

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