Municipal distribution of bladder cancer mortality in Spain: Possible role of mining and industry

López‐Abente, Gonzalo; Aragonés, Núria; Ramis, Rebeca; Hernández‐Barrera, Valentín; Pérez‐Gómez, Beatriz; Escolar-Pujolar, Antonio; Pollán, Marina

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-17

Cited by 53 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…No increased incidences of bladder or lung cancer have been noted in the districts of the DB (Lopez-Abente et al, 2006;Aragonés et al, 2009). However, Aragonés et al (2009) found a clear geographic pattern of gastric cancer incidence in Spain, with highest incidence coinciding with the DB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological factors controlling occurrence and distribution of arsenic in groundwaters from the southern margin of the Duero Basin, Spain

Giménez-Forcada

Smedley

2014

Environ Geochem Health

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Groundwater from springs and boreholes on the southern edge of the Cenozoic Duero Basin (DB) of Spain has concentrations of arsenic (As) which are commonly above the EC drinking-water limit of 10 µg/L, and reach observed values up to 241 µg/L. Groundwater compositions within the sedimentary aquifer vary from Ca-HCO 3 type, variably affected by evaporation and agricultural pollution at shallow levels, to Na-HCO 3 compositions in deeper boreholes of the basin. Groundwater conditions are mainly oxidising but reducing groundwaters exist in sub-basins within the aquifer, localised flow paths likely being influenced by basement structure. Arsenic concentrations are spatially variable, reaching up to 38 µg/L in springs of the Spanish Central System (SCS) basement aquifer and up to 62 µg/L in springs from the DB. Highest As concentrations are associated with the Na-HCO 3 compositions in deep boreholes (200-450 m depth) within the DB. These have high pH values (up to 9.6) can give rise to associated elevated concentrations of V and U (up to 64 µg/L and 30 µg/L respectively). In the deep borehole waters of the DB, oxidising flows derived from the mineralised igneous-metamorphic basement and discharging via major faults, are considered the origin of the higher concentrations. Compositions are consistent with desorption of As and other anionic species from metal oxyhydroxides in an oxic environment. Under locally reducing conditions prevalent in some low-flow parts of the DB, an absence of detectable dissolved As is coincident with low or undetectable SO 4 concentrations, and consistent with loss via formation of authigenic sulphide minerals. Mitigation measures are needed urgently in this semi-arid region where provision of alternative sources of safe drinking water is logistically difficult and expensive.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological factors controlling occurrence and distribution of arsenic in groundwaters from the southern margin of the Duero Basin, Spain

Giménez-Forcada

Smedley

2014

Environ Geochem Health

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“…20 Such data would be useful in trying to learn more about the causes of cancer 21 and have been used in previous studies to investigate the geographic variation in cancer mortality rates with respect to such factors as income level, rural residence and average parity, 22 socioeconomic level and farming, 23 and mining and industry. 24 Spain is a Mediterranean country lying between the latitudes of 36°and 44°N. Solar UVB is the primary source of vitamin D for the inhabitants, since dietary sources are primarily fish, which does not provide much vitamin D for elderly Spanish, 25 and supplements are not regularly consumed.…”

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confidence: 99%

An ecologic study of cancer mortality rates in Spain with respect to indices of solar UVB irradiance and smoking

Grant

2006

Intl Journal of Cancer

139

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There is increasing evidence that vitamin D reduces the risk of many types of cancer. Geographic variations in cancer mortality rates in Spain are apparently linked to variations in solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiances and other factors. Cancer mortality rates for 48 continental Spanish provinces for 1978-1992 were used in linear regression analyses with respect to mortality rates for latitude (an index of solar UVB levels), skin cancer (an index of high cumulative UVB irradiance), melanoma (an index related to solar UV irradiance and several other factors) and lung cancer (an index of cumulative effects of smoking). The 9 cancers with mortality rates significantly correlated with latitude for 1 or both sexes were brain, gastric, melanoma, nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), pancreatic, pleural, rectal and thyroid cancer. Inverse correlations with latitude were found for laryngeal, lung and uterine corpus cancer. The 17 cancers inversely correlated with NMSC are bladder, brain, breast, colon, esophageal, gallbladder, Hodgkin's lymphoma, lung, melanoma, multiple myeloma, NHL, ovarian, pancreatic, pleural, rectal, thyroid and uterine corpus cancer. The 16 correlated with melanoma are bladder, brain, breast, colon, gallbladder, leukemia, lung, multiple myeloma, NHL, ovarian, pancreatic, pleural, prostate, rectal, renal and uterine corpus cancer. The results for lung cancer were in accordance with the literature. These results provide more support for the UVB/vitamin D/cancer hypothesis and indicate a new way to investigate the role of solar UV irradiance on cancer risk. They also provide more evidence that melanoma and NMSC have different etiologies. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: cancer; ecologic; melanoma; skin cancer; smoking; Spain; ultraviolet; vitamin D Evidence continues to mount that vitamin D produced from solar ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance or taken orally reduces the incidence and mortality rates of and increases the survival for many forms of cancer. The UVB/vitamin D/cancer hypothesis was originally proposed in 1980 with respect to colon cancer 1 and has now been extended to about 20 types of cancer 2-4 including melanoma 5,6 and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 7,8 Although much of the research linking vitamin D to cancer risk reduction is observational, there is sufficient supporting evidence for mechanisms, 9,10 dose-response relationships, 3,11 replications in diverse populations 12,13 and seasonal variations in cancer survival rates 14-18 that the criteria for causality in a biological system 19 are generally satisfied if not fully accepted. One of the objections is the use of latitude as an index of solar UVB irradiance and vitamin D production in ecologic studies.Spain has an excellent mortality rate dataset for 30 types of cancer for 52 provinces, spanning 1978-1992. 20 Such data would be useful in trying to learn more about the causes of cancer 21 and have been used in previous studies to investigate the geographic variation in cancer mortality rates with respect to such f...

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“…Bernal Pérez et al 8 studying the evolution of bladder cancer from 1998 to 2007, already warn of the significant increase in the incidence of this tumor in women, which is presumably due to the increase in the prevalence of smoking women. In the case of men, these authors have observed a decrease maintained in the incidence rates and expect the trend to continue in the coming years, which does not coincide with what observed in the health area of León.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…7 In terms of geographic variability, it is defined mainly by the prevalence of smokers, 6 although geographical areas are observed (Cádiz, Seville, Huelva, Almería, and Barcelona) where excess risk is not only attributable to smoking but also to where water quality for human consumption, and especially arsenic, could be involved in this excess risk. 8 Therefore, this study aims to determine the incidence, trends, and geographical distribution of bladder cancer in an area of high incidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Municipal distribution and trends in bladder cancer incidence in health area of León, Spain (1996–2010)

Canto

García-Martínez

Fernández‐Villa

et al. 2015

Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition)

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Municipal distribution of bladder cancer mortality in Spain: Possible role of mining and industry

Abstract: Background: Spain shows the highest bladder cancer incidence rates in men among European countries. The most important risk factors are tobacco smoking and occupational exposure to a range of different chemical substances, such as aromatic amines.

Cited by 53 publications

References 45 publications

Geological factors controlling occurrence and distribution of arsenic in groundwaters from the southern margin of the Duero Basin, Spain

Geological factors controlling occurrence and distribution of arsenic in groundwaters from the southern margin of the Duero Basin, Spain

An ecologic study of cancer mortality rates in Spain with respect to indices of solar UVB irradiance and smoking

Municipal distribution and trends in bladder cancer incidence in health area of León, Spain (1996–2010)

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