Munchausen Syndrome

Humphries, S. R.

doi:10.1192/bjp.152.3.416

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…Ontogeny continues to be a major and controversial resource for evolutionary biologists (37,48). Behavioral ontogeny is generally regarded as a process of maturation by which an animal's age correlates with its performance.…”

Section: Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Homology and Phylogeny

Wenzel¹

1992

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.

220

182

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INTRODUCTIONThe sociobiology debates of the 1970s increased interest in the biology of behavior. At the same time, the growth of cladistics increased interest in how to do systematics and phylogenetic reconstruction. Yet, there are surprisingly few recent papers dealing explicitly with behavior from a phylogenetic perspective. Lack of communication between students of behavior and students of systematics is partly to blame. If one says to a behavioral ecologist, "Isn't it curious that there are white bears in the arctic?" he may say that there is nothing curious about it because they are white like all the other arctic mammals, and the fact that they are bears is irrelevant to the broad patterns of evolution. If one asks the same of a systematist he may reply that there is nothing curious about it because they are still bears like all the others, and the fact that they are white is irrelevant to the broad patterns of evolution. Both perspectives are partly right, and both are less than the whole story. Systematists tend to look for constraints of history, while behaviorists usually prefer to work with a warm ball of clay that lies ready to take on any shape the outside forces push upon it.Some of what follows is review and some is more philosophical, but the point of the paper is simple. Determining homology among behaviors is no different than determining homology among morphological structures. Behav ior is not special, it is only more difficult to characterize. Ethology (the study of behavior) is a relatively young science and does not yet have the benefit of centuries of debate and consensus, but that provides more reason for us to take up the challenge now. Ethology has made almost no advance with respect to a phylogenetic understanding of behavior since the late 1950s, and most Further ANNUAL REVIEWS 362 WENZEL modern ethologists simply do not work toward that goal. To honor the proud . heritage of Lorenz and Tinbergen we need only to be brave and begin.There is an immense literature dealing with "evolution of behavior," but only a tiny fraction of ethological efforts are relevant to the question of how one postulates homology among specific elements of an animal's behavioral repertoire. The majority of studies on behavioral evolution are related to theories of the process of evolution, and they therefore compare grades to illuminate the way in which analogous transitions occur in different groups (33). The focus of these studies is the transition itself, and homology of the steps is n01: an issue. Also the taxonomic literature is skewed toward finding species-spc:cific behaviors that allow identification more easily than morpho logical varii ation allows (1). Such unique traits do not assist in reconstructing phylogeny; only shared traits are useful for finding a nested hierarchy of order.I have tried! to include here both classical and more recent works that illustrate explicit postulates of homology, or cases where behavioral characters were critical for defining or supporting a phylogenetic scheme, but ...

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Section: Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Homology and Phylogeny

Wenzel¹

1992

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.

220

182

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Differential diagnosis of malingering and factitious disorder with physical symptoms

Overholser¹

1990

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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The present article attempts to clarify the difficult diagnostic discrimination between malingering and factitious disorder with physical symptoms. It is proposed that diagnostic evaluations focusing on the patient's observed symptomatology will be limited in their accuracy and utility. Instead, a longitudinal approach is needed to include the course of the disorder over time, its response to treatment, and the proposed etiology of the disorder. It is hoped that with a better understanding of these two disorders, prompt and accurate diagnosis can lay the foundation for effective management of both malingering and factitious disorders.

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Douleur et perversions

Defontaine-Catteau

2001

Doul. et Analg.

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Munchausen Syndrome

Abstract: A case report of a 37-year-old woman with Munchausen syndrome which differs in many respects from the classical picture is described. Attempts are made to examine the motives behind the syndrome and to make a link with the common pattern of deliberate self-harm.

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Behavioral Homology and Phylogeny

Behavioral Homology and Phylogeny

Differential diagnosis of malingering and factitious disorder with physical symptoms

Douleur et perversions

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