Mumps outbreaks in four universities in the North West of England: Prevention, detection and response

Kay, Dale; Roche, Marion; Atkinson, John P.; Lamden, Ken; Vivancos, Roberto

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.03.037

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As with all vaccines, prevention of measles requires high vaccine coverage and good herd immunity, otherwise outbreaks can occur (Ramsay 2013). Mumps outbreaks can occur where a particular age group is insufficiently immunised, and moved to an area where this low coverage enabled spread (2005 outbreak of mumps in the UK [ (Gupta, Best, and MacMahon 2005) and 2009 in UK universities [Kay et al 2011]). Influenza vaccines must be continually modified as the virus undergoes antigenic drift and shift (Subbarao and Joseph 2007), and infectivity and virulence are different properties that may be demonstrated by different strains (for example, H1N1 (Virus and Team 2009) and H5N1 (Li et al 2004)).…”

Section: Selection Of Vaccine-preventable Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

SimFection: a digital resource for vaccination education

Carolan

Amos

Crossley

et al. 2018

Journal of Biological Education

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Vaccination coverage in the United Kingdom is below the level recommended by the World Health Organisation, and when vaccination coverage is not sufficient, outbreaks of infectious diseases can occur. In 2015, coverage of the first dose of the Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine declined in the United Kingdom for the first time since 2008, indicating a need to raise public awareness and understanding of the importance of vaccination to public health. Identifying 16-18-year olds as a target audience, being future parents who would make decisions regarding vaccination of their children, a digital educational resource ('SimFection') was developed to deliver key messages about the spread and control of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases (identified via school curricula). The process of development utilised an iterative approach, involving a cyclic process of prototyping, testing, analysis and refinement with a range of audiences including students, schoolchildren, and trainee teachers. The completed resource is now available online for free download.

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Section: Selection Of Vaccine-preventable Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

SimFection: a digital resource for vaccination education

Carolan

Amos

Crossley

et al. 2018

Journal of Biological Education

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“…Enteroviruses (HEV) are a large group of viruses responsible for about 90% of aseptic meningitis worldwide, especially in underdeveloped countries with poor sanitation and low standards of hygiene. [4–14] Enteroviruses belong to the picornaviridae family, characterized by a single-stranded positive-sense RNA and a length of 7.5 kbp. The genome of enteroviruses has 3 different regions, including P1, P2, and P3, which are respectively coded for structural, regulatory, and enzymatic proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three cases of mumps virus and enterovirus coinfection in children with enteroviral meningitis

Rasti¹,

Makvandi²,

Neisi³

et al. 2016

Medicine

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Several viruses are responsible for aseptic meningitis; however, in the region of Southwest Iran, the role played by each virus is still not very well known. The aim of this study is to determine the relative frequencies of mumps virus, herpes viruses, and enteroviruses, as well as coinfections among them, in patients with aseptic meningitis.In this cross-sectional study, samples of cerebrospinal fluid were collected between December 2012 and December 2013 from patients under 14 years, who were hospitalized in Abuzar Children's Hospital in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran (the only children's hospital in Khuzestan province and Southwest Iran).All 66 cerebrospinal fluid samples and corresponding clinical data were collected from patients with aseptic meningitis by specialists, and with the patients’ consent. The DNA and RNA were extracted from these samples and subjected to polymerase chain reaction as well as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of mumps virus, herpes viruses, and enteroviruses. Nine of the samples (3 mumps-positive and 6 enterovirus-positive) were sequenced. The mumps virus sequences were investigated for possible mutations in the SH and partial HN regions.Up to 39 patients (59.09%) were found to be positive for enteroviruses, 3 (4.5%) for mumps virus, and 1 (1.5%) for herpes viruses (specifically, the varicella-zoster virus). Two patients (3.03%) had a mumps virus and enterovirus coinfection. Among the 3 detected mumps virus samples, 1 belonged to genotype B, while the others belonged to genotype N. Six sequenced enteroviruses indicated the highest similarity with Echovirus 30. An amino acid substitution at position 51 (N→T) was detected in the HN region of genotype N mumps virus samples, in comparison to the reference strain.

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“…After introduction of the mumps vaccine and the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, the mumps incidence declined dramatically. However, multiple outbreaks of mumps were recently reported among highly vaccinated populations in many countries 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8) . In Korea, the MMR vaccination program was started in 1983, and two-dose MMR vaccination has been recommended since 1994 after the 1993 measles epidemic by Korean Pediatric Society.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreaks of mumps: an observational study over two decades in a single hospital in Korea

et al. 2014

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PurposeThe introduction of the mumps vaccine has dramatically reduced the number of mumps cases, but outbreaks have recently occurred among highly vaccinated populations in developed countries. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with mumps admitted between 1989 and 2012 in a single hospital in Korea are described in the present study.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated inpatients with mumps between 1989 and 2012 and outpatients and inpatients with mumps in 2011-2012.ResultsA total of 152 patients with mumps were admitted between 1989 and 2012, and 163 patients were recorded in 2011-2012. The highest number of admitted cases occurred in 1998 and 2012 (35 and 34 cases, respectively). Among the patients admitted in 2011-2012, the highest frequency was observed among people aged 15-19 years, and low frequency was observed in those aged <4 years and >20 years, compatible to the city data and national data. In patients admitted to our department in 1998 (35 cases) and in 2010-2012 (27 cases), there were significant differences in the mean age and the rate of secondary measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination, but had similar clinical features, including complications, except aseptic meningitis. Antimumps immunoglobulin (Ig) G was positive in 83% and 100%, and IgM was positive in 67% and 41%, respectively, in the two periods.ConclusionIn Korea, recent mumps outbreaks have occurred mainly among secondary school students who received two doses of the MMR vaccine. The vaccinees might have a modified immune reaction to viral insults, manifesting modified epidemiological and clinical features.

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Mumps outbreaks in four universities in the North West of England: Prevention, detection and response

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

SimFection: a digital resource for vaccination education

SimFection: a digital resource for vaccination education

Three cases of mumps virus and enterovirus coinfection in children with enteroviral meningitis

Outbreaks of mumps: an observational study over two decades in a single hospital in Korea

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