Mumps and Rubella Eliminated From Finland

Peltola, Heikki

doi:10.1001/jama.284.20.2643

Cited by 115 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…European countries with voluntary vaccination policies have maintained polio elimination for decades [19,20]. Despite decade-long vaccine scares in some countries, non-mandatory pertussis and MMR vaccination programmes in Italy, Portugal, Finland and the UK have maintained high vaccine coverage and low disease incidence in most decades that the programmes have been in place [19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of social norms on the dynamics of vaccinating behaviour for paediatric infectious diseases

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mathematical models that couple disease dynamics and vaccinating behaviour often assume that the incentive to vaccinate disappears if disease prevalence is zero. Hence, they predict that vaccine refusal should be the rule, and elimination should be difficult or impossible. In reality, countries with non-mandatory vaccination policies have usually been able to maintain elimination or very low incidence of paediatric infectious diseases for long periods of time. Here, we show that including injunctive social norms can reconcile such behaviour-incidence models to observations. Adding social norms to a coupled behaviour-incidence model enables the model to better explain pertussis vaccine uptake and disease dynamics in the UK from 1967 to 2010, in both the vaccine-scare years and the years of high vaccine coverage. The model also illustrates how a vaccine scare can perpetuate suboptimal vaccine coverage long after perceived risk has returned to baseline, pre-vaccine-scare levels. However, at other model parameter values, social norms can perpetuate depressed vaccine coverage during a vaccine scare well beyond the time when the population's baseline vaccine risk perception returns to pre-scare levels. Social norms can strongly suppress vaccine uptake despite frequent outbreaks, as observed in some small communities. Significant portions of the parameter space also exhibit bistability, meaning long-term outcomes depend on the initial conditions. Depending on the context, social norms can either support or hinder immunization goals.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of social norms on the dynamics of vaccinating behaviour for paediatric infectious diseases

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These vaccination programs have successfully prevented rubella virus infection and CRS worldwide. Finland and the United States are currently documented as being free of indigenous rubella (9,15,17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence and Titer Changes of Rubella Virus Antibodies in Primiparous Women Who Had Been Vaccinated with Strain RA 27/3 in Junior High School

Lin

Yang

Shih

et al. 2012

Clin Vaccine Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Taiwan's rubella vaccination program was launched in 1986; each schoolgirl in the third grade of junior high school received one dose of rubella (RA 27/3) vaccine. We reviewed the results of 14,090 prenatal rubella tests for primiparas from three areas of Taiwan during 2002 to 2008 to investigate seronegativity rates and titer changes. In all primiparous women, the average rubella virus seronegativity rate was 6.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 6.1 to 6.9%), and the average rubella virus antibody titer was 65.9 IU/ml (95% CI, 64.7 to 67.1 IU/ml). There were 1,220 women (8.7%) with weakly positive antibody titers (10 to 20 IU/ml). The rubella virus seronegativity rates, which ranged from 5.4 to 9.7%, did not exhibit a linear trend from 9 to 22 years after vaccination (P ‫؍‬ 0.201); in contrast, a significant trend appeared in the average rubella virus IgG titer (P ‫؍‬ 0.003), dropping from 69.9 IU/ml in the 9th year after vaccination to 54.8 IU/ml in the 22nd year. The mean annual antibody decay rate was ؊0.77 IU/ml. This study reveals that the level of rubella virus antibodies declined slowly in women of childbearing age who were vaccinated with RA 27/3 at junior high school age. The number of women who were seronegative or had weakly positive antibody titers was still high (15.2%). Therefore, in countries that implement a single-dose regimen in children or teenagers, it should remain an important policy to encourage voluntary immunization in seronegative women and to immunize all postpartum women who are susceptible to rubella virus infection before they leave the hospital.

show abstract

“…39 There is also evidence that some enteroviruses (e.g., Coxsackie B viruses) are less prevalent in countries with high incidences of type 1 diabetes (e.g., Finland) than in countries with low incidences but geographically similar populations (e.g., Russian Karelia). 40 This observation may be in keeping with the concept of the hygiene hypothesis, 41,42 which proposes that environmental exposure to microbes, other pathogens and their products early in life promotes innate immune responses that suppress atopy and perhaps autoimmunity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 1 diabetes: pathogenesis and prevention

Gillespie¹

2006

Canadian Medical Association Journal

262

199

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

T ype 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and macrophages infiltrating the islets.1 The disease accounts for about 10% of all cases of diabetes, occurs most commonly in people of European descent and affects 2 million people in Europe and North America. There is a marked geographic variation in incidence, with a child in Finland being about 400 times more likely than a child in Venezuela to acquire the disease (Fig. 1). The current global increase in incidence of 3% per year is well reported, 2 and it is predicted that the incidence of type 1 diabetes will be 40% higher in 2010 than in 1998. 3This rapid rise strongly suggests that the action of the environment on susceptibility genes contributes to the evolving epidemiology of type 1 diabetes.Before safe and rational therapies can be offered in a clinical setting, a detailed understanding of the immune-mediated process that results in type 1 diabetes is required, as is the accurate identification of those at risk of the disease. The immunogenetics of type 1 diabetes has become the model upon which other complex disorders are studied, and in this article we review the importance of recent insights into the pathogenesis and natural history of type 1 diabetes and consider current therapeutic strategies.

show abstract

Mumps and Rubella Eliminated From Finland

Cited by 115 publications

References 34 publications

The influence of social norms on the dynamics of vaccinating behaviour for paediatric infectious diseases

The influence of social norms on the dynamics of vaccinating behaviour for paediatric infectious diseases

Persistence and Titer Changes of Rubella Virus Antibodies in Primiparous Women Who Had Been Vaccinated with Strain RA 27/3 in Junior High School

Type 1 diabetes: pathogenesis and prevention

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About