Multiyear study of sludge application to farmland: prevalence of bacterial enteric pathogens and antibody status of farm families

Ottolenghi, Abramo C.; Hamparian, Vincent V.

doi:10.1128/aem.53.5.1118-1124.1987

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…141 In a study in Ohio, salmonellae were commonly present in human sewage sludge applied to farmland, and on the basis of serological evidence, may have infected humans living in the vicinity. 142 Similar salmonella contamination of sewage, feral animals and chickens in a nearby flock was found in southern California. 143 Indirect transfer via food not only arises from primarily contaminated food but also from cross-contaminated food and from food contaminated by food-handler carriers.…”

Section: Evidence Of Animal Origin Of Strains Colonizing or Infectingmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…The role of human sewage as a vehicle of salmonella infection has been identified on a number of occasions. 142,244 Environmental contamination from this source can lead to gut colonization in wild and feral animals, including gulls, which then enter animal houses and contaminate feed and grazing land, colonize chicken faeces and eggs, thus returning to humans. Such events might account for the upsurge of Salmonella enteritidis infections noted a decade ago.…”

Section: Protective Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does the use of antibiotics in food animals pose a risk to human health? A critical review of published data

Phillips¹

2003

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

897

553

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The use of antibiotics in food animals selects for bacteria resistant to antibiotics used in humans, and these might spread via the food to humans and cause human infection, hence the banning of growth-promoters. The actual danger seems small, and there might be disadvantages to human and to animal health. The low dosages used for growth promotion are an unquantified hazard. Although some antibiotics are used both in animals and humans, most of the resistance problem in humans has arisen from human use. Resistance can be selected in food animals, and resistant bacteria can contaminate animal-derived food, but adequate cooking destroys them. How often they colonize the human gut, and transfer resistance genes is not known. In zoonotic salmonellosis, resistance may arise in animals or humans, but human cross-infection is common. The case of campylobacter infection is less clear. The normal human faecal flora can contain resistant enterococci, but indistinguishable strains in animals and man are uncommon, possibly because most animal enterococci do not establish themselves in the human intestine. There is no correlation between the carriage of resistant enterococci of possible animal origin and human infection with resistant strains. Commensal Escherichia coli also exhibits host-animal preferences. Anti-Gram-positive growth promoters would be expected to have little effect on most Gram-negative organisms. Even if resistant pathogens do reach man, the clinical consequences of resistance may be small. The application of the 'precautionary principle' is a non-scientific approach that assumes that risk assessments will be carried out.

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Section: Evidence Of Animal Origin Of Strains Colonizing or Infectingmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Protective Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the use of antibiotics in food animals pose a risk to human health? A critical review of published data

Phillips¹

2003

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

897

553

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Crude sewage sludge contains the highest campylobacter concentrations ; lower counts are found in activated and ripe sludge (Holler 1988a;Jones et al 1990;Stelzer et al 1991). Although no campylobacters are normally isolated from digested sludge, it should not be called campylobacter-free, as nonculturability cannot be equated to nonviability (Rollins and Colwell 1986;Ottolenghi and Hamparian 1987;Jones et al 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…caii have attracted attention and waterborne infections have been reported frequently (Vogt et al 1982;Rogol et al 1983). Although campylobacters have often been detected in surface water, little is known about their distribution and survival in sewage and sewage sludge (Ottolenghi and Hamparian 1987;Arimi et al 1988;Holler 1988b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Note: Comparison of different homogenization procedures for detecting Campylobacter spp. in sewage sludge

Höller

Schomakers‐Revaka

1994

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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Crude sewage sludge contains Campylobacter spp. in a concentration of 10(1)-10(3) cfu 100 ml-1 on average. Because large variations in the number of bacteria are seen when samples are examined in parallel, we attempted to improve the detection method. Seeded sewage sludge samples were homogenized by a high-speed blender, ultrasonic bath and ultrasonic bar. Bacterial counts were determined by the MPN method in triplicate. The recovery rate was < 10%. Subsequently, sludge samples without artificial contamination were also examined. The bacterial counts varied considerably, as seen earlier. In order to enhance the detection rate of campylobacters homogenization times and frequencies were increased, samples were diluted prior to treatment and pre-enriched in non-selective broth or supplemented with detergent. None of the methods applied proved satisfactory. The bacterial counts achieved with all methods varied greatly, with minimum and maximum values lying at least two orders of magnitude apart.

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“…Alternative indicator organisms have been suggested for more than twenty years [40]. There is also recognition that the detection of various pathogens in sludges is highly variable both among sludges and over time for sludge generated at a single treatment plant [41]. A new survey of pathogens in sludges is needed [42].…”

Section: Pathogens and Odorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Alleged Health Incidents Associated with Land Application of Sewage Sludges

Harrison

Oakes²

2003

New Solut

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The majority of U.S. sewage sludges are disposed by application to land for use as a soil amendment. Class B sludges, containing a complex mix of chemical and biological contaminants, comprise the majority. Residents near land application sites report illness. Symptoms of more than 328 people involved in 39 incidents in 15 states are described. Investigation and tracking of the incidents by agencies is poor. Only one of 10 EPA regions provided substantial information on the incidents in their region. Investigations, when conducted, focused on compliance with regulations. No substantial healthrelated investigations were conducted by federal, state, or local officials. A system for tracking and investigation is needed. Analysis of the limited data suggests that surface-applied Class B sludges present the greatest risk and should be eliminated. However, even under less risky application scenarios, the potential for off-site movement of chemicals, pathogens, and biological agents suggests that their use should be eliminated. OBJECTIVEWe conducted investigations into the numerous incidents in which residents living near sites where sewage sludges are land applied have reported illness. We compiled information about the health complaints. In order to find out what tracking and investigations had been carried out by the responsible authorities, we sought any information that federal and state agencies had about these incidents. Information regarding the sludge management practices associated with the 387 Ó 2002, Baywood Publishing Co., Inc.

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Multiyear study of sludge application to farmland: prevalence of bacterial enteric pathogens and antibody status of farm families

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Does the use of antibiotics in food animals pose a risk to human health? A critical review of published data

Does the use of antibiotics in food animals pose a risk to human health? A critical review of published data

A Note: Comparison of different homogenization procedures for detecting Campylobacter spp. in sewage sludge

Investigation of Alleged Health Incidents Associated with Land Application of Sewage Sludges

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