Multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified two dimensional MXene with high antifouling property for sensitive detection of ochratoxin A

Abstract

Electrochemical sensor has great potential in the detection of small molecules by virtues of low cost, fast response, and easy to miniaturization. However, electrochemical sensing of ochratoxin A (OTA) was seriously hindered by the heavy electrode-fouling effect and poor electrochemical activity inherent from OTA molecular. Herein, two-dimensional titanium carbide (2D Ti 3 C 2 ) MXene incorporated with carboxylic multiwalled carbon nanotubes (cMWCNTs) was developed as a glassy carbon electrode modifier for rapid and sensitive detection of OTA. Physical characterizations combined with electrochemical techniques revealed that cMWCNTs can not only prevent the restacking of 2D Ti 3 C 2 nanosheets but also facile its electron transfer, leading to a nanohybrid with a high specific surface and good electrocatalytic activity to OTA. Under optimal conditions, the electrochemical sensor showed a good linear response to OTA in a concentration range from 0.09 to 10 μmol•l −1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.028 μmol•l −1 . The proposed sensor was impelled successive times to detect OTA, a good repeatability was obtained, indicating the constructed sensor possessed good anti-fouling property. Moreover, satisfactory recoveries between 91.8% and 103.2% were obtained in the real sample analysis of grape and beer, showing that the developed sensing technique is reliable for the screening of trace OTA in food resources.

Current State of Sensors and Sensing Systems Utilized in Beer Analysis

“…A detection limit of 1.7 µ g/L was obtained with minimal sample preparation [14]. The sensitivity of the sensor improved when GCE was modified with 2D titanium carbide nanosheets (LOD of 0.028 µ M) [15].…”

2D MXene‐Based Biosensing: A Review

“…Figure 7H revealed the crumpled nanostructure morphology obtained after He@CCNT loading and FESEM has shown that He@CCNT are tightly attached to the nanosheets of MXene (Figure 7I). Adel et al [264] incorporated carboxylic multiwalled carbon nanotubes (cMWCNTs) into the MXene for sensitive detection of ochratoxin. The cMWCNTs prevented restacking of MXene and facilitated electron transfer with a greater surface specific area and enhanced electrocatalytic activity.…”

“…Adel et al. [ 264 ] incorporated carboxylic multiwalled carbon nanotubes (cMWCNTs) into the MXene for sensitive detection of ochratoxin. The cMWCNTs prevented restacking of MXene and facilitated electron transfer with a greater surface specific area and enhanced electrocatalytic activity.…”

Structure‐switching aptasensors for sensitive detection of ochratoxin A

“…Mycotoxins are natural secondary metabolites with low molecular weights and are mainly produced by filamentous fungal species that are widely found in grains, fruits, and other foods [1][2][3]. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one such toxin and is a nephrotoxic, immunotoxic, and carcinogenic agent [4,5]. It contaminates many food items, including corn, cereals, wheat, and beans [6,7].…”