MULTIVOLTINISM IN <i>APANTELES BIGNELLII</i> AND THE INFLUENCE OF WEATHER ON SYNCHRONISATION WITH ITS HOST <i>EUPHYDRYAS AURINIA</i>

Porter, Keith S.

doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1983.tb03311.x

Cited by 56 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For example, dark-coloured larvae of the nymphalid butterflies Euphydryas aurinia and Melitaea cinxia raise their body temperature far above cool ambient temperatures by basking in direct sunlight, increasing their development rate relative to pale coloured and shaded Cotesia spp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoid pupae (Porter, 1983;Van Nouhuys & Lei, 2004). Under low ambient temperature conditions (cool, sunny weather in early spring) this generates high levels of phenological asynchrony (a temporal refuge), with a large fraction of hosts no longer susceptible by the time that adult parasitoids emerge.…”

Section: Altered Levels Of Phenological Synchronymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of climate warming on host–parasitoid interactions

Jeffs

Lewis

2013

Ecological Entomology

146

124

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Abstract. 1. Parasitoids are key regulators of the population dynamics of their arthropod hosts, are integral to the structure and dynamics of food webs, and provide ecosystem services by suppressing agricultural pests. Despite their ecological and functional importance, relatively few studies have considered the effects of a warming climate on host-parasitoid interactions.2. The three primary modes through which parasitoids might respond to a warming climate are by (i) shifting distributions into cooler environments, (ii) altering phenology, and (iii) adjusting to persist in situ through phenotypic plasticity or evolutionary adaptation.3. Here, we focus on examples of altered distributions and phenology in response to climate warming. We suggest that the responses of parasitoids to elevated temperatures and the population dynamic consequences for their hosts will be linked to two key traits: the dispersal ability of both partners, and the host specificity of parasitoids.4. Effects of climate warming on host-parasitoid interactions will be complicated by interactions with other co-occurring environmental changes, such as elevated carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and to interactions with competitors, mutualists, and antagonists. These factors will complicate efforts to generate predictive models of host-parasitoid interactions, for example in the context of the ecosystem service of biological pest control.

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Section: Altered Levels Of Phenological Synchronymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of climate warming on host–parasitoid interactions

Jeffs

Lewis

2013

Ecological Entomology

146

124

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“…I also examine how melanization is mediated by the environment, by rearing larvae under a range of controlled regimes with manipulation of temperature, humidity, lighting, and larval density. Melanization is likely to affect larval thermoregulation, for colour affects absorption of radiated heat (Watt, 1968;Dennis & Shreeve, 1989), and larvae may rely on absorption of solar radiation to remain active when ambient temperatures are low (Porter, 1983). I assess whether melanization influences body temperature by direct measurement of larval internal temperatures while varying ambient temperature and lighting intensity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of larval melanization in the moth, Mamestra brassicae, and the role of melanin in thermoregulation

Goulson¹

1994

Heredity

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Variability in the colour of lepidopteran larvae has been recorded in a broad range of species, yet little is known of its evolutionary significance, or whether it has a genetic basis. I assess the role of genes and environment in determining the degree of larval melanization in the moth, Marnestra brassicae, and examine functional aspects of larval pigmentation. In particular, whether melanization is of importance in thermoregulation, and whether larvae differing in melanization exhibit concurrent differences in size, rate of development, and fecundity. In the fourth and fifth instars, larval M. brassicae exhibit a continuous range of colour from pale green to black: a classification scheme is described to quantify this variation. Heritability (h2) was measured using regression of brood means against mid-parent values for 36 broods (2339 offspring), and was estimated to be 0.23 7 0.07 (SD) for fourth instar larvae and 0.42 1 0.10 (SD) for fifth instar larvae. However, environmental factors mediated development of larval colour: larvae were darker when reared at low temperature (12°C) compared to high (24°C). Direct measurement of larval temperatures using thermocouples inserted into the alimentary canal indicated that dark larvae absorbed more radiant heat, and thus under illumination consistently maintained a higher body temperature than pale larvae. Hence dark larvae are presumed to be at a selective advantage at low ambient temperatures, and increased melanization of larvae reared at low temperatures may be adaptive. I suggest that variation within natural populations may be maintained by fluctuating weather conditions. Dark larvae were found to be smaller, but developed more quickly than light larvae so that weight at pupation, time to pupation, and fecundity (measured by the number of fertile eggs produced) did not differ according to colour. Further studies are suggested to examine the influence of larval colour on thermoregulation, growth rates and predation in the field.

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“…The latter has been demonstrated for the braconid Apanteles bignellii (Marshall) and its host, the butterfly Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg) (Porter, 1983). This parasitoid only attacks the larval stage of its host, which is present in April and May.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oviposition, flight and walking capacity at low temperatures of four aphid parasitoid species (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae)

Langer¹,

Boivin²,

Hance³

2004

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Precocious activity of parasitoids is a key factor for cereal aphid control. We investigated the oviposition, flight and walking capacities at low temperature of four aphid parasitoids (Aphidius rhopalosiphi, A. ervi, Praon volucre, P. gallicum) on one of their aphid hosts (Sitobion avenae). Oviposition behaviour was tested at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15 and 20°C, under a photoperiod of 12 h light. Some females of A. rhopalosiphi oviposited at 6°C while the percentage of parasitization below 10°C remained low for the other species. The proportion of males decreased with temperature for A. ervi, P. volucre and P. gallicum but not for A. rhopalosiphi. For all species, flight and walking activities increased with temperature, Aphidius species being active at lower temperature than Praon species. Field captures showed that the activity threshold for A. rhopalosiphi is 12°C, 15°C for A. ervi and P. volucre, and 19.5°C for P. gallicum. These results are discussed regarding the potential of these four species for aphid control.

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MULTIVOLTINISM IN APANTELES BIGNELLII AND THE INFLUENCE OF WEATHER ON SYNCHRONISATION WITH ITS HOST EUPHYDRYAS AURINIA

Cited by 56 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of climate warming on host–parasitoid interactions

Effects of climate warming on host–parasitoid interactions

Determination of larval melanization in the moth, Mamestra brassicae, and the role of melanin in thermoregulation

Oviposition, flight and walking capacity at low temperatures of four aphid parasitoid species (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae)

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