Multivitamin–Mineral and Vitamins (E + C) Supplementation Modulate Chronic Unpredictable Stress-Induced Oxidative Damage in Brain and Heart of Mice

Abstract

Brain is a target of stress along with the immune, metabolic, and cardiovascular systems of the body. In the present work, the preventive roles of a multivitamin-mineral supplement and vitamins (E + C) in chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced oxidative damage were studied in the brain and heart of Swiss albino mice. Thirty-two mice were randomized to one of the following groups: control + vehicle, CUS + vehicle, CUS + multivitamin-mineral, and CUS + vitamins (E + C). CUS was applied for 4 weeks, and multivitamin-mineral and vitamins (E + C) were administered orally for the same period. CUS led to a negative impact on all the biochemical parameters analyzed. Elevation in malondialdehyde and reduction in glutathione levels were found. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase were decreased. Treatment with multivitamin-mineral and vitamins (E + C) brought these parameters to near normal levels. Multivitamin-mineral was found more restitutive than combined vitamins (E + C) doses. The present study hypothesizes that supplementation with a multivitamin-mineral may prove more effective than vitamin treatment alone in the alleviation of oxidative damage in brain and heart during periods of chronic stress.

Efficacy of silver nanoparticles against Trichinella spiralis in mice and the role of multivitamin in alleviating its toxicity

“…The results showed that combined administration of MM with Ag-NPs significantly reduced serum AST and ALT levels ( P -value < 0.001). However, these results agree with Hasan et al 23 , who revealed that MM brought all stress markers' parameters to normal levels in tested mice after inducing chronic unpredictable oxidative stress. Furthermore, Namazi et al 56 have highlighted that combining an antioxidant with Ag-NPs is essential to mitigate its potential toxicity and optimize the utilization of its high efficacy.…”

“…Supplementing the material proved to have synergistic action against the parasite. However, this was accepted according to Hasan et al 23 , who mentioned that MM can diminish all stress parameters, mainly oxidative stress. In addition, Namazi et al 56 noted that an antioxidant administration combined with Ag-NPs is needed to alleviate its toxicity and allow the body to benefit from its high efficacy.…”

“…niacin, 1.4 mg vitamin B6, 2.5 µg vitamin B12, 33.33 µg biotin, 2.81 mg pantothenic acid, and 20 mg 0.085 g per 100 g/100 kcal blackcurrant seed oil providing omega 6 and 9. Each mouse received 5 mg/kg/day orally using an oesophageal tube 23 , 24 .…”

“…According to Jacob and Nair 27 , the dose was calculated by transforming the human dose of the drug into a mouse dose . The tested products and the reference drugs were administered orally to treated mice using an esophageal tube 23 .…”

Therapeutic potential of glutathione-enhancers in stress-related psychopathologies

“…Chronic stress has been described as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (Lagraauw, Kuiper et al 2015), liver diseases (Russ, Kivimaki et al 2015;Kang, Zhao et al 2020) and obesity (Stefanaki, Pervanidou et al 2018). In addition, redox imbalance upon stress exposure has been described in organs such as the liver (Zaidi, Al-Qirim et al 2005;Ohta, Chiba et al 2007;Cakir, Kasimay et al 2010;Kaida, Ohta et al 2010;Kour and Bani 2011;Kalaz, Evran et al 2012;Demirdas, Naziroglu et al 2016;Kim, Oh et al 2016;Samarghandian, Farkhondeh et al 2016;Samarghandian, Azimi-Nezhad et al 2017b;Yi and Kim 2017;Lee, Jo et al 2019), the gastrointestinal tract (Cakir, Kasimay et al 2010;Banji, Banji et al 2014), the kidneys (Demirdas, Naziroglu et al 2016;Samarghandian, Farkhondeh et al 2016;Samarghandian, Azimi-Nezhad et al 2017b;Chen, Feng et al 2018), the pancreas (Lopez-Lopez, Jaime et al 2016) and the muscles (Hasan, Bilal et al 2011;Hussien, El-Wakeel et al 2019). It has been suggested that the stress-induced redox imbalance in peripheral organs is mediated by glucocorticoids (Zafir and Banu 2009b) as well as catecholamines and adrenoceptors (Zhu, Gu et al 2014).…”