Multivariate optimization of a combined static and dynamic supercritical fluid extraction method for trace analysis of pesticides pollutants in organic honey

Abstract

The intensive application of pesticides to increase crop production has resulted in contamination of the agricultural products. Due to their occurrence at trace levels and the complexity of food samples, analysis of pesticide residues requires selective and efficient sample preparation methods. For this purpose, an extraction method based on supercritical carbon dioxide and acetonitrile as entrainer solvent was developed for trace analysis of atrazine, diazinon, chlorothalonil, and deltamethrin pesticides in honey samples. A Box-Behnken experimental design was applied to optimize extraction variables including static extraction time(5-15 min), pressure (200-700 bar), and temperature (45-70 • C). The optimum extraction conditions were found to be 11.5 min static extraction time, 252 bar, and 70 • C. The proposed analytical method showed a good linearity (≥0.998), low limit of detection (0.005-0.009 mg/kg), and good extraction recovery (74-111%). The precision study of the proposed method at two concentration levels of each pesticides, 0.25 and 1.0 mg/kg was found to be in the ranges of 2.3-4.21% for intraday (n = 3) and 3.93-8.02% for interday precisions (n = 3). The developed method is promising for use in trace analysis of pesticides in complex food samples including honey.

Influence of heavy metal ions and storage time on hydroxymethylfurfural formation in honey collected from Ilu Woreda, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

“…The precision was evaluated as the relative standard deviation of 10 repeated determinations for one sample. The accuracy of the analytical quality control was also verified by the recovery experiments for the 4 elements [21,22]. The numerical values of the calibration curves regression parameters were the basis for estimating the value of the limit of detection and quantification of the analytical method.…”

Advances in the novel and green-assisted techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from millets: A comprehensive review

“…There are two primary configurations for ASE: static and dynamic instruments. In the dynamic system, high-pressure pumps facilitate the continuous circulation of the extraction solvent through the sample vessel [ 188 ]. In this mode, the solvent is constantly pumped through the sample matrix extractor while the outlet valve remains open throughout the extraction process [ 188 ].…”

“…In the dynamic system, high-pressure pumps facilitate the continuous circulation of the extraction solvent through the sample vessel [ 188 ]. In this mode, the solvent is constantly pumped through the sample matrix extractor while the outlet valve remains open throughout the extraction process [ 188 ]. On the other hand, in the static set-up, the extraction process operates in a batch mode, involving one or more extraction cycles by introducing fresh solvent between each cycle [ 189 ].…”

Fast surface floating organic droplets based dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction for trace enrichment of multiclass pesticide residues from different fruit juice samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection analysis

“…They are manufactured from multiple molecule substances obtained from various chemical groups that share some characteristics [1]. Out of the total amount of pesticides sprayed on the plants, only less than 0.1% of the applied pesticides actually reach the targeted pests; the remainder may end up on other environmental compartments and consumables like fruits and vegetables [2][3][4][5]. This has led to the need for discovery of these compounds in food, soil, and water, possibly compromising both human life and health of all other living species [6].…”