Multivariate discriminant analysis of redox and progression indexes in Cuban AIDS patients with Kaposis sarcoma

Abstract

Objectives: Infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) generates sustained reactive oxygen species production. An increasing number of studies underline the pathogenic impact of high-grade local and systemic oxidative stress in the activation of Herpesvirus 8 producing Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) co-infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. This study aimed to determine the redox status in AIDS-KS Cuban individuals and to explore the relation between redox and progression variables. Methods: Blood samples were drawn from 99 individuals divided into three groups (33 each one; age range 30-50 years): AIDS, AIDS-KS, and presumable healthy subjects. Total peroxide, malondialdehyde, and advanced oxidation protein products as damage indexes and antioxidant responses (glutathione, peroxidation potential, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) were determined from the blood samples. Furthermore, hematological and hemochemical indexes, progression indexes (viral load, CD4 + T lymphocyte absolute count), and tumoral progression indexes were assessed. Different statistical analyses were done. Results: Compared to healthy subjects, both groups of AIDS patients had significant differences in global indices of damage and antioxidant status. The comparison between the groups revealed that AIDS-KS group had a significantly higher damage and lower antioxidant status compared to the healthy control and AIDS groups. Multivariate statistical analysis clearly separated groups according progression indexes and redox profile, obtaining two canonical functions. Conclusions: These results corroborate that substantial oxidative stress occurs in AIDS condition and also during KS-HIV co-infection with different molecular extension and interdependence to progression indexes. Redox indexes diagnosis should be considered in early diagnostics, prevention and treatment of KS-HIV coinfection, which would be worthwhile to conduct a more comprehensive study and manage of infection.

Measures of Oxidative Status Markers in Relation to Age, Sex, and Season in Sick and Healthy Captive Asian Elephants in Thailand

“…Infected elephants exhibited the highest MDA concentrations, in addition to lower serum albumin and higher antioxidant enzymes (GPx and catalase) concentrations, suggesting this disease may be involved in oxidative stress responses. For MDA, high concentrations as a result of lipid peroxidation may indicate cell wall breakdown as a result of the increased production of free radicals from viral pathogenesis, which is a characteristic of herpesvirus infections in humans [105,106] and other species [11,12]. Another characteristic of EEHV-HD is systemic and lethal hemorrhaging [107,108].…”