Multivariate analysis of dilution-corrected residuals to improve the interpretation of geochemical anomalies and determine their potential sources: The Mingardo River case study (Southern Italy)
Pollution risk assessment of heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, As) in sediment samples from 68 locations in the Gulf of Edremit, western Turkey, was performed using single and complex indices of pollution assessment approaches. The pollution indices used in the sediment analyses included pollution load index(PLI), contamination factor(CF), contamination degree(C deg ) for individual metals, geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factors(EF), toxic risk index(TRI), modi ed pollution index (MPI), frequency of adverse biological effects (TEL-PEL), percent incidence of biological effects (ERL-ERM), and total risk quotients (Q TEL -Q PEL ). Results indicated a low degree of contamination for the entire surveyed area except moderate contamination factor for arsenic using single indices. Enrichment factors and geoaccumulation indices indicated moderate to signi cant enrichment and uncontaminated to moderately contaminated both for arsenic(As) and lead(Pb), respectively. According to the results of ecological risk assessment based on TELs and PELs, the adverse biological effects of heavy metals on aquatic organisms; are for As, Cr, Ni frequently, Cu and Pb occasionally and Zn rare. The TRI values displayed low to considerably toxic risk for the entire Gulf and calculated TRI results showed that arsenic accounted for most of the entire sediment toxicity. Transport patterns of sediment grain size trend analyses were correlated with the results of pollution assessment models. Transport trends are compatible with the sources of lithogenic, anthropogenic, mining activities and wastewater treatment/geothermal originated arsenic.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.