Multivariate analysis of age-related driver ability and performance deficits

Toward a Driving Competency Assessment Encouraging Elderly's Automobility: A French Point of View

“…The results obtained by C. Lundberg et al (1997) and K. Ball et al (1998) support the idea that visual and cognitive function decrements constitute an important causal factor in the crashes of older drivers. McKnight & McKnight (1999) found a significant correlation between unsafe driving incidents and deficiencies in attentional, perceptual, cognitive, visual and psychomotor categories. In the same way, Daigneault et al (2002b) indicated that, compared to the control group, elderly drivers with a history of accidents, have poorer performance on the cognitive measurements.…”

The Canadian Safe Driving Study—Phase I pilot: Examining potential logistical barriers to the full cohort study

“…Previous work relating to medical fitness and driving in older adults has been largely retrospective or cross-sectional (Marottoli and Richardson, 1998;Sims et al, 1998;Songer et al, 1993;Stutts et al, 1998;Vernon et al, 2002), collecting health and driving data through surveys (Ivers et al, 1999), questionnaires (Daigneault et al 2002a) and driving institution records, such as driver's licence applications (Vernon et al, 2002), state/provincial citations (Ball et al, 1993;Stutts et al, 1998) and on-road tests (Vernon et al, 2002;McKnight and McKnight, 1999). The challenge of using retrospective and cross-sectional designs is that they are limited by the information collected or conveniently available, and many factors cannot be taken into account or adjusted for when trying to determine valid predictors of crash risk.…”

“…A number of previous studies that attempted to identify older drivers at risk used secondary analyses of data from large cohort studies. The former had primary objectives that were unrelated to the investigation of driving, including the effects of aging (Ahlgren et al, 2003;Margolis et al, 2002;Rosenwasser, 1995), or used a convenience sampling technique rather than random sampling (Ahlgren et al, 2003;De Raedt and PonjaertKristoffersen, 2000;McKnight and McKnight, 1999). Such studies are subject to selfselection bias in that participants who are recruited for a study unrelated to driving but who then voluntarily agree to participate in a driving substudy may have different characteristics than the general population, which could affect the external validity of the obtained results.…”

Cognitive and Psychomotor Correlates of Self-Reported Driving Skills and Behavior

“…Hence, the role of cognitive, perceptual, and psychomotor abilities in driving performance was dominantly investigated among older drivers (e.g., HakamiesBlomqvist, 1998). McKnight and McKnight (1999) classified abilities related to driving performance into five domains: (1) sensory (e.g., visual acuity and contrast sensitivity), (2) attentional (e.g., general and selective attention), (3) perceptual (e.g., speed of perception and motion detection, (4) cognitive (e.g., short term memory), and (5) psychomotor (e.g., reaction time, coordination, and tracking). Although most of these domains, especially higher order cognitive skills such as hazard perception, have been examined in relation to driving performance and accident involvement (see Lawton and Parker, 1998, for a review), they have not been satisfactorily examined in relation to the safety performance and aberrant driver behaviors of young and middle age drivers.…”