Multivalency as a Chemical Organization and Action Principle

Abstract

Multivalent interactions can be applied universally for a targeted strengthening of an interaction between different interfaces or molecules. The binding partners form cooperative, multiple receptor–ligand interactions that are based on individually weak, noncovalent bonds and are thus generally reversible. Hence, multi‐ and polyvalent interactions play a decisive role in biological systems for recognition, adhesion, and signal processes. The scientific and practical realization of this principle will be demonstrated by the development of simple artificial and theoretical models, from natural systems to functional, application‐oriented systems. In a systematic review of scaffold architectures, the underlying effects and control options will be demonstrated, and suggestions will be given for designing effective multivalent binding systems, as well as for polyvalent therapeutics.

Double-degradable responsive self-assembled multivalent arrays – temporary nanoscale recognition between dendrons and DNA

“…1 The organisation of multiple ligands to interact with multiple binding sites on a target, is therefore of vital importance in organising the nanoworld and developing new nanomaterials and nanomedicines. 2 However, one problem with multivalency is that the strong binding which results can often be 25 relatively non-reversible and hence non-responsive.…”

Synthesis of giant globular multivalent glycofullerenes as potent inhibitors in a model of Ebola virus infection

“…In order to address this challenge, a variety of different multivalent scaffold architectures have been synthesized, all of them endowed with multiple carbohydrates. 4 Design of these glyco-conjugates typically requires a multivalent central scaffold or core covalently connected to the carbohydrate epitopes decorating the periphery. Thus, glyco-clusters showing the carbohydrate units directly connected to the core, glyco-dendrimers connected through a dendritic structure and glyco-polymers involving a polymeric backbone have intensively been investigated in recent years.…”

Multimeric xanthates as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

“…The products were extensively dried under high vacuum to remove any traces of solvent which could lead to degradation. The characterization of all the molecules was carried out unambiguously by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and HRMS.…”

“…Many natural processes, particularly at the membranes interface, benefit from the multivalent display of biological entities to boost the efficacy of binding events. Especially, carbohydrate-protein interactions are notably weak at the monomer level, but can be tremendously enhanced if the ligand is displayed in a multivalent way 13 . Scientists have extensively studied the biophysical interactions among natural systems and created a plethora of artificial multivalent systems in order to understand the underlying mechanisms of multivalency [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] .…”