Multisystem organ failure secondary to acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) with atypical presentation resembling septic shock

Abstract

A woman was admitted for sepsis secondary to cellulitis. After clinical improvement of sepsis, non-follicular small pustules were observed on the trunk, limbs and face while vesicles/bullae and skin exfoliation were noted on upper extremities. Larger systemic manifestations included fever, hypertension and tachycardia. Laboratory results revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis, eosinophilia, mild transaminitis and acute renal failure. Despite treatment for potential sepsis and discontinuation of offending agents, her condition worsened leading to haemodynamic instability and renal failure requiring vasopressor support, intubation and continuous veno-venous haemodialysis. Skin biopsy revealed a diagnosis of acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), a rare condition usually caused by antibiotic treatment. The suspected offending drug was clindamycin, with possible combined effects by metronidazole and/or vancomycin. Improvement of skin manifestations were seen within 48 hours of starting systemic steroids. Here, we present an uncharacteristic case of AGEP clinically presenting with atypical skin lesions, severe systemic involvement mimicking septic shock, which culminated in multisystem organ failure.

Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis: Clinical Features, Differential Diagnosis, and Management

“…In order to accurately assess AGEP-associated mortality, more research is needed to relate death events to follow-up periods, severity, treatment, and comorbidities. AGEP may, rarely, be followed by long-term complications in the event of multiorgan involvement, such as kidney damage, but this is rare and atypical and may resolve with the use of systemic corticosteroids [ 223 ]. It is important to note that AGEP can recur after reintroduction of the causative drug or trigger [ 23 , 224 ].…”