Multistimuli Responsive and Electroactive Supramolecular Gels Based on Ionic Liquid Gemini Guest

Abstract

Electroactive supramolecular gels with multistimuli responsiveness were fabricated through host–guest interactions between a host polymer containing β-cyclodextrin (CD) and an ionic liquid (IL) type asymmetric gemini guest, which contains both ferrocene (Fc) and bis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)imide (TFSI–) as the respective α- and ω-guest groups. Owing to the multiple stimuli-responsiveness of the host–guest interactions, reversible sol–gel phase transition could be triggered by various stimuli, including temperature, electrochemical/chemical redox and anion-exchange reactions. Due to the intrinsically conductive properties of the IL gemini guest, the sol–gel transition behavior could be electrochemically controlled by the applied voltage, without using additional supporting electrolyte.

Ultrahigh Ionic Liquid Content Supramolecular Ionogels for Quasi-Solid-State Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

“…4). [27] In addition, other driving forces, 8 such as van der Waals interactions, and the electrostatic repulsive force induced by inclusion 9 complexes may also contribute greatly to responsive hydrogels. The mechanism of gelation formation 10 behind the observations was still under exploration.…”

“…[9,10] Recently, electroactive supramolecular gels with multiple stimuli-responsiveness have been fabricated based on redox-active groups. The most extensively studied example are supramolecular gels based on inclusion complexations between cyclodextrins (CDs) and ferrocene (Fc) derivatives.…”

“…[15,16] The electroactive supramolecular gels have been recently synthesized via the host-guest recognition between a β-CD and an ionic liquid type asymmetric gemini guest which contains both ferrocene (Fc) and bis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)imide (TFSI − ) as the respective α-and ϖ-guest groups. [9] The intrinsically electroactive ionic liquid gemini guest leads to an electroactive supramolecular material without additional supporting electrolyte. 10 In this work, ultrahigh ionic liquid content supramolecular ionogels were prepared via host-guest interactions between a host of β-CD and a guest of bis-imidazolium cation, Bis-C 12 (mim)Br, in a room temperature ionic liquid, 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (PMII).…”

Tough polypseudorotaxane supramolecular hydrogels with dual-responsive shape memory properties

“…1 They can interact with various kinds of available guests such as adamantane, azobenzene and ferrocene to form host/guest complexes with a guest : host ratio = 1 : 1. [2][3][4] Considerable interest has been focused on CD-based sol-gel transition and self-assembly systems, [5][6][7] which are responsive to diverse stimuli such as temperature, [8][9][10][11] light, [12][13][14][15] redox 16,17 and metal ions. 18 Particularly, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a special guest of a-CD for polypseudorotaxane supramolecular hydrogels with biological compatibility and potential biomedical applications.…”

Novel multi-responsive polymer materials: When ionic liquids step in

“…3)[54]. -Cyclodextrin (CD), a common macrocyclic host, grafted to 2-isocyanatoethylacrylate (AOI), was recently shown to form…”