Multistate voltage dependent load model of a charging electric vehicle

Sortomme, E.; Negash, Ahlmahz I.; Venkata, S.S.; Kirschen, Daniel S.

doi:10.1109/itec.2012.6243441

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This case highlights the load response to a voltage change of the EV inverter/chargers. This response is approximately consistent with a constant current ac load for a Nissan LEAF [20]. The charging stations themselves are assumed to not have any voltage response, which is the case for the vast majority of stations, such as [25], [26].…”

Section: A Opportunistic Chargingmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…at the houses. Here, n represents the node number, where n ∈ [2,18], p is the phase number, where p ∈ [1,3], and i is the house number, where i ∈ [1,20]. The voltage of each house is fed back to the EV charge controller at that house.…”

Section: Simulation and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the grid, the EV, therefore, is often seen as a constant current source [20]. When connected to the grid through an SAE J1772 charging station, a pilot signal is supplied to the EV from the station that tells what the maximum AC current draw is from that connection point.…”

Section: Voltage Based Feedback Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Voltage-Based Controller for an Electric-Vehicle Charger

Al‐Awami

Sortomme

Akhtar

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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Electric vehicle (EV) integration into the distribution system has been a topic of great interest lately due to the potential challenges it poses. Previous works have focused on either centralized charge control or distributed charge control to solve these issues. In this paper, an adaptive voltage feedback controller for an onboard EV charger is proposed that, unlike other proposed methods, does not require any real-time communication between the EV and the utility. This controller compares the system voltage at the point of charging with a preset reference voltage. The EV charging is reduced as the system voltage approaches this reference. The reduced charging rate takes into account the EV battery state of charge (SOC) and the owner's end-of-charge time (ECT) preference. To validate the proposed control structure, extensive simulations are carried out on a distribution system with and without other voltage control mechanisms. The simulation results show that this method can eliminate system voltage violations that would otherwise be caused by EV charging while ensuring fairness among the various EVs even with different system configurations and EV penetration levels. The proposed controller shows a good performance in the presence of other voltage control devices and distributed generation units. Also, it can integrate with Vehicleto-Grid services as a lowest level of hierarchical control.

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Section: A Opportunistic Chargingmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Simulation and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Voltage-Based Controller for an Electric-Vehicle Charger

Al‐Awami

Sortomme

Akhtar

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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“…From the grid, the EV is, therefore, seen as a constant current source [17]. The charging current can be varied by varying a pilot signal at the charging station or at the EV itself.…”

Section: Voltage Based Feedback Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous electric vehicle charging management over real time digital simulator

Akhtar

Al‐Awami

Sortomme

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference &Amp; Exposition

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Electric vehicle integration into the distribution system has been a topic of great interest lately due the potential challenges it poses. Previous works have focused on either centralized charge control or distributed charge control to solve these issues. In this paper, a voltage feedback control structure for EV charging is tested that, unlike other proposed methods, does not require any real-time communication between the EV and the utility. This control structure compares the system voltage at the point of charging with a reference voltage and takes into account the EV battery state of charge (SOC). Simulations are performed using a Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). The results show that this method can successfully reduce EV charging to eliminate system voltage violations that would otherwise be caused from EV charging while ensuring fairness among the various EVs. In addition, these results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in flattening the distribution feeder's load profile.

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“…q , P q ) of ZIP have been obtained experimentally, using curving fitting techniques, with the help of the equations (2.6.a) and (2.6.b) [65,66].…”

Section: Objective 1: Modelling Ev Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

PV-based EV charging station with vehicle-to-grid services for business premises

Islam¹

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The transportation sector is the second major contributor to the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, next to electricity generation sector. GHG emissions are projected to grow in the future due to the over-reliance on fossil fuels for both electricity generation and transportation sectors.However, the growth can be stalled by gradually introducing electric vehicles (EVs) as they produce less GHG compared to their conventional counterparts. Despite that, their proliferation has been stunted by a completely new set of challenges in addition to a very high capital cost. These challenges include low driving ranges, scarcity of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS), long charging time and inability to provide charging service readily. Nevertheless, some of these challenges can be addressed by installing EVCS at business premises (i.e., offices, universities, etc.) and augmenting EVCS with onsite PV and battery energy storage (BES). In that case, the impacts of EV charging on the grid will be less significant; charging services will be available readily, and GHG emissions growth can be reduced significantly. Moreover, EVCS, under suitable conditions, would be able to provide vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services, which makes EVCS more attractive.Despite such prospective opportunities, offhand planning and operational planning of EVCS would deem them unachievable. In addition, the inherent intermittency of PV, and EV and grids loads will pose considerable hindrance on availing those benefits.Hence, this research focusses on an EVCS with onsite PV and BES, in the perspective of planning and operational planning including V2G services. The cornerstone of the planning and operational planning is an appropriate EV load model that captures the uncertainties of EV charging. In addition, the EV load model reflects the grid voltage and EV battery's state of charge (SOC)-dependency of EV charging. Moreover, it accounts for the diversity of the EV population embodied by market shares, battery sizes, charging levels, and charging voltages, currents, and power factors. Furthermore, it is scalable to facilitate seamless assimilation of a large EV population. Therefore, a new EV load model is first proposed with MATLAB/Simulink validation reflecting the factors above along with the recommendations by the standard BS EN 61851-23:2014. This EV model is then incorporated into the planning activities, which include four chronological exercises. Firstly, the impact (i.e., grid voltage, current, losses, etc.) of the EV charging on the grid at different locations, namely home, office, public charging, is investigated considering the uncertainties. Secondly, the optimal location of the PV and BES based EVCS is divulged regarding the reduction of the impact and costs involved while enhancing the charging quality of service (QoS). Thirdly, a suitability analysis is performed for the obtained optimal location to find the most suitable combination of the grid upgrading, PV deployment, and BES iii deployment to satisfy the QoS, ...

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Multistate voltage dependent load model of a charging electric vehicle

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

A Voltage-Based Controller for an Electric-Vehicle Charger

A Voltage-Based Controller for an Electric-Vehicle Charger

Autonomous electric vehicle charging management over real time digital simulator

PV-based EV charging station with vehicle-to-grid services for business premises

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