Multistage Bilevel Planning Model of Energy Storage System in Urban Power Grid Considering Network Reconfiguration

Abstract

The large-scale integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and the rapid development of loads cause frequent transmission congestion in the urban power grid (UPG). Transmission system operators usually perform the high-voltage distribution network (HVDN) reconfiguration to mitigate the transmission congestion. However, as the loads and RESs change rapidly, the HVDN reconfiguration might be conducted frequently. This might cause severe security problem. An energy storage system (ESS) provides an effective way of alleviating the transmission congestion. If the ESS is installed and operated elaborately, the transmission congestion of UPG can be mitigated with a little HVDN reconfiguration. Hence, this study proposes a multistage bilevel planning model for the optimal allocation of ESS. The upper-level model aims at maximizing the annual comprehensive revenue of HVDN, and the lower-level model focuses on the minimization of the operational cost. Simulation results carried out on a real-world test system verify that the proposed method has the great potential of reducing the investment and operational cost while mitigating the transmission congestion.

Multistage AC transmission expansion planning including fault current‐limiting high‐temperature superconducting cables and multiple distributed generations to improve short‐circuit level and grid‐scale flexibility

“…With the accelerated trend of urbanization and industrialization worldwide, the existing transmission grids are recently facing unprecedented challenges to flexibly meet the growing power demands [1,2]. Addressing these challenges necessitates reinforcing and/or expanding the scale of the existing transmission grids on the one hand and deploying multiple distributed generations (DGs) on the other to ensure grid-scale flexibility (GFLX) [3,4].…”

New Urban Power Grid Dispatching Architecture and Key Technologies

“…The adjustable load mainly refers to the flexible resources that can be appropriately adjusted in addition to meeting the needs of production and life, such as the air conditioning load that can be adjusted according to the comfort interval [17], the electric vehicle load that can be flexibly charged and discharged when the operation plan is not affected [18], and the transferable load that can be independently selected during the power consumption interval [19]. Distributed power generation is a kind of important flexible resource, mainly including the whole county/region photovoltaic [20], distributed energy storage [21], and distributed new energy around the city [22].…”

New urban power grid flexible load dispatching architecture and key technologies

“…2) The term "adjustable load" refers to flexible resources that can be adjusted to meet production and daily needs, such as air conditioning loads that can be changed within the comfort interval (Fu et al, 2022), electric vehicle loads that can be charged and discharged flexibly without affecting the operational schedule (Yu et al, 2022), and transferable loads that can be independently selected during power consumption intervals (Yang et al, 2020). Distributed power generation is a kind of crucial flexible resource, mainly including the whole county/ region photovoltaic (Qiu, 2022), distributed energy storage (Cai Z. et al, 2022), and distributed new energy around the city (Wang et al, 2023).…”