Multispectral imaging of the archimedes palimpsest

Easton, Roger L.; Knox, Kerry L.; Christens-Barry, William A.

doi:10.1109/aipr.2003.1284258

Cited by 76 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Studies concerning multispectral imaging techniques especially for the analysis of ancient manuscripts arouse scholars interest [7,2,24]. Balas et al [2] developed a computer controllable hyper-spectral imaging apparatus, capable of acquiring spectral images of 5nm bandwidth and with 3nm tuning step in the spectral range between 380-1000nm.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the techniques have become a tool for scientific analysis and documentation of old manuscripts with latent (degraded, disintegrating and overwritten) texts [7]. The main advantage of the analysis in different wavelengths extending the visible light is the additional information which cannot be seen by the human eye [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a common method to produce pseudo-colored images from multispectral images where three components are combined in one RGB image [7]. In this study we use a combination of spectral and spatial information of the multivariate image data in order to enhance the readability of the degraded texts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7,24,21]), our goal is to generally enhance the readability of damaged or degraded text written on parchment. The objects to be studied are two Glagolitic (this is the oldest known Slavic script [18]) manuscripts of the classical Old Church Slavonic corpus, belonging to the new findings made in 1975 at St. Catherine's monastery on Mt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrast Enhancement in Multispectral Images by Emphasizing Text Regions

Lettner

Kleber

Sablatnig

et al. 2008

2008 the Eighth IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems

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This paper deals with the enhancement of the readability in historic texts written on parchment. Due to mold, air humidity, water, etc. parchment and text are partially damaged and consequently hard to read. In order to enhance the readability of the text, the manuscript pages are imaged in different spectral bands ranging from 360 to 1000nm. The readability enhancement is based on a spectral and spatial analysis of the multivariate image data by Multivariate Spatial Correlation. The main advantage of the method is that especially the text regions are enhanced which is provided by generating a mask image. This mask is based on the automatic reconstruction of the ruling scheme of the text pages. The method is tested on two medieval Slavonic manuscripts written on parchment.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Contrast Enhancement in Multispectral Images by Emphasizing Text Regions

Lettner

Kleber

Sablatnig

et al. 2008

2008 the Eighth IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems

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show abstract

“…Multispectral imaging is an extension of standard digital photography whereby an object is illuminated sequentially under different wavelengths from ultraviolet to near infrared and photographed [15][16][17]. Blue and ultraviolet light may excite fluorescence of inks or substrates, so filters are used to exclude the illumination light, enhancing the fluorescent signal.…”

Section: Multispectral Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of multimodal imaging of subsurface text in mummy cartonnage using surrogate papyrus phantoms

Gibson¹,

Piquette²,

Bergmann

et al. 2018

Herit Sci

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Ancient Egyptian mummies were often covered with an outer casing, panels and masks made from cartonnage: a lightweight material made from linen, plaster, and recycled papyrus held together with adhesive. Egyptologists, papyrologists, and historians aim to recover and read extant text on the papyrus contained within cartonnage layers, but some methods, such as dissolving mummy casings, are destructive. The use of an advanced range of different imaging modalities was investigated to test the feasibility of non-destructive approaches applied to multi-layered papyrus found in ancient Egyptian mummy cartonnage. Eight different techniques were compared by imaging four synthetic phantoms designed to provide robust, well-understood, yet relevant sample standards using modern papyrus and replica inks. The techniques include optical (multispectral imaging with reflection and transillumination, and optical coherence tomography), X-ray (X-ray fluorescence imaging, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray micro computed tomography and phase contrast X-ray) and terahertz-based approaches. Optical imaging techniques were able to detect inks on all four phantoms, but were unable to significantly penetrate papyrus. X-ray-based techniques were sensitive to iron-based inks with excellent penetration but were not able to detect carbon-based inks. However, using terahertz imaging, it was possible to detect carbon-based inks with good penetration but with less sensitivity to ironbased inks. The phantoms allowed reliable and repeatable tests to be made at multiple sites on three continents. The tests demonstrated that each imaging modality needs to be optimised for this particular application: it is, in general, not sufficient to repurpose an existing device without modification. Furthermore, it is likely that no single imaging technique will to be able to robustly detect and enable the reading of text within ancient Egyptian mummy cartonnage. However, by carefully selecting, optimising and combining techniques, text contained within these fragile and rare artefacts may eventually be open to non-destructive imaging, identification, and interpretation.

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Subjective Assessments of Legibility in Ancient Manuscript Images - The SALAMI Dataset

Brenner

Sablatnig

2021

Pattern Recognition. ICPR International Workshops and Challenges

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The research field concerned with the digital restoration of degraded written heritage lacks a quantitative metric for evaluating its results, which prevents the comparison of relevant methods on large datasets. Thus, we introduce a novel dataset of Subjective Assessments of Legibility in Ancient Manuscript Images (SALAMI) to serve as a ground truth for the development of quantitative evaluation metrics in the field of digital text restoration. This dataset consists of 250 images of 50 manuscript regions with corresponding spatial maps of mean legibility and uncertainty, which are based on a study conducted with 20 experts of philology and paleography. As this study is the first of its kind, the validity and reliability of its design and the results obtained are motivated statistically: we report a high intra-and inter-rater agreement and show that the bulk of variation in the scores is introduced by the images regions observed and not by controlled or uncontrolled properties of participants and test environments, thus concluding that the legibility scores measured are valid attributes of the underlying images.

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Multispectral imaging of the archimedes palimpsest

Cited by 76 publications

References 3 publications

Contrast Enhancement in Multispectral Images by Emphasizing Text Regions

Contrast Enhancement in Multispectral Images by Emphasizing Text Regions

An assessment of multimodal imaging of subsurface text in mummy cartonnage using surrogate papyrus phantoms

Subjective Assessments of Legibility in Ancient Manuscript Images - The SALAMI Dataset

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