Multispectral and hyperspectral imaging technologies in conservation: current research and potential applications

Fischer, Christian; Kakoulli, Ioanna

doi:10.1179/sic.2006.51.supplement-1.3

Cited by 269 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…-the results that reveal the use of iron gall ink in this workshop, which has a poor response in infrared reflectography not allowing the characterization of underdrawing under these conditions; -the recent studies based on DFT calculations using periodic boundary conditions on iron gall 3D coordination polymer which indicate that this compound has a maximum in its absorption spectrum at around 700 nm (Zaccaron et al, 2013a,b) and previous work on iron gall inks spectral absorption (Senvaitienė et al, 2005); -Previous studies based on multispectral and hyperspectral imaging technologies assessed on drawing inks (Baker, 1985;Kammerer et al, 2007) and easel paintings (Fischer and Kakoulli, 2006); we decided to refine the surface analysis methodology to perceive this type of underdrawing. Therefore, to capture the underdrawing executed with this material that had not yet been revealed by infrared reflectography, we used several bandpass filters coupled to an infrared photographic camera.…”

Section: Surface Analysis Refinementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another important aspect concerns to the style of the underdrawing, whether the underdrawing is a simple sketch, freehand or rather methodical and orderly. Finally, another important issue concerns to the identification of the materials and drawing tools used in the creation of the underdrawing (Bomford et al, 2002;Fischer and Kakoulli, 2006;Kammerer et al, 2007;Candeias et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New insight on the underdrawing of 16th Flemish-Portuguese easel paintings by combined surface analysis and microanalytical techniques

Valadas

Freire²,

Cardoso

et al. 2016

Micron

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a b s t r a c tThis paper focusses on the study of the underdrawings of 16th century easel paintings attributed to the workshop of the Portuguese-Flemish Master Frei Carlos. This investigation encompasses multidisciplinary research that relates the results of surface exams (infrared reflectography, standard light photography and infrared photography) with analytical investigations.The surface analysis of Frei Carlos' underdrawings by infrared reflectography has shown heterogeneous work, revealing two different situations: (1) an abundant and expressive underdrawing, revealing a Flemish influence and (2) a simple and outlined underdrawing. This preliminary research raised an important question related to this Portuguese-Flemish workshop and to the analytical approach: Is the underdrawing's heterogeneity, as observed in the reflectograms, related to different artists or is this rather an effect that is produced due to the use of different materials in the underdrawing's execution? Consequently, if different materials were used, how can we have access to the hidden underdrawings? In order to understand the reasons for this dissemblance, chemical analysis of micro-samples collected in underdrawing areas and representing both situations were carried out by optical microscopy, micro Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) and micro-Raman spectroscopy (-Raman). Taking into account the different possibilities and practical and theoretical limitations of surface and punctual examinations in the study of easel painting underdrawings, the methodology of research was adjusted, sometimes resulting in a re-analysis of experimental results. This research shows the importance of combining multispectral surface exams and chemical analysis in the understanding of the artistic creative processes of 16th century easel paintings.

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Section: Surface Analysis Refinementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insight on the underdrawing of 16th Flemish-Portuguese easel paintings by combined surface analysis and microanalytical techniques

Valadas

Freire²,

Cardoso

et al. 2016

Micron

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“…Multispectral imaging is an extension of standard digital photography whereby an object is illuminated sequentially under different wavelengths from ultraviolet to near infrared and photographed [15][16][17]. Blue and ultraviolet light may excite fluorescence of inks or substrates, so filters are used to exclude the illumination light, enhancing the fluorescent signal.…”

Section: Multispectral Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of multimodal imaging of subsurface text in mummy cartonnage using surrogate papyrus phantoms

Gibson¹,

Piquette²,

Bergmann

et al. 2018

Herit Sci

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Ancient Egyptian mummies were often covered with an outer casing, panels and masks made from cartonnage: a lightweight material made from linen, plaster, and recycled papyrus held together with adhesive. Egyptologists, papyrologists, and historians aim to recover and read extant text on the papyrus contained within cartonnage layers, but some methods, such as dissolving mummy casings, are destructive. The use of an advanced range of different imaging modalities was investigated to test the feasibility of non-destructive approaches applied to multi-layered papyrus found in ancient Egyptian mummy cartonnage. Eight different techniques were compared by imaging four synthetic phantoms designed to provide robust, well-understood, yet relevant sample standards using modern papyrus and replica inks. The techniques include optical (multispectral imaging with reflection and transillumination, and optical coherence tomography), X-ray (X-ray fluorescence imaging, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray micro computed tomography and phase contrast X-ray) and terahertz-based approaches. Optical imaging techniques were able to detect inks on all four phantoms, but were unable to significantly penetrate papyrus. X-ray-based techniques were sensitive to iron-based inks with excellent penetration but were not able to detect carbon-based inks. However, using terahertz imaging, it was possible to detect carbon-based inks with good penetration but with less sensitivity to ironbased inks. The phantoms allowed reliable and repeatable tests to be made at multiple sites on three continents. The tests demonstrated that each imaging modality needs to be optimised for this particular application: it is, in general, not sufficient to repurpose an existing device without modification. Furthermore, it is likely that no single imaging technique will to be able to robustly detect and enable the reading of text within ancient Egyptian mummy cartonnage. However, by carefully selecting, optimising and combining techniques, text contained within these fragile and rare artefacts may eventually be open to non-destructive imaging, identification, and interpretation.

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“…A MS image can be described as the same image of one scene in different spectral ranges. MS imaging was originally developed for remote sensing applications and has recently found its way to the field of conservation [15]. In addition to its applicability for art conservation [16], the imaging technique has also proven effective for the analysis of historical and degraded documents [17].…”

Section: Sensor Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Sensor Evaluation for Vision Based Recognition of Electronics Waste

Kleber¹,

Pramerdorfer²,

Wetzinger³

et al. 2015

IJESD

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Abstract-For the online and offline classification of printed circuit boards and SMD components mounted on the board a sensor evaluation of optical sensors with different characteristics is presented. In overall a high resolution multispectral camera, a DSLR, an IP camera, and the RGB sensor of the Asus Xtion Pro Live have been evaluated for 2D images. For the 3D acquisition the Asus Xtion Pro Live is compared to the Bluetechnix M100 time of flight sensor. The sensor analysis shows the affected recognition performance of printed circuit boards and SMD components. Based on the sensor comparison, a pilot plant for the recycling of electronics waste is presented.

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Multispectral and hyperspectral imaging technologies in conservation: current research and potential applications

Cited by 269 publications

References 79 publications

New insight on the underdrawing of 16th Flemish-Portuguese easel paintings by combined surface analysis and microanalytical techniques

New insight on the underdrawing of 16th Flemish-Portuguese easel paintings by combined surface analysis and microanalytical techniques

An assessment of multimodal imaging of subsurface text in mummy cartonnage using surrogate papyrus phantoms

Optical Sensor Evaluation for Vision Based Recognition of Electronics Waste

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