Multisensing Fuel Injector in Turbocharged Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

Estefanous, Fadi; Mekhael, Shenouda; Badawy, Tamer; Henein, Naeim A.; Zahdeh, Akram

doi:10.1115/1.4027555

“…In recent years, a range of different technologies have been under consideration to improve the fuel economy of gasoline engines and reduce exhaust emissions. Among these, gasoline direct-injection (GDI) engines have a greater degree of feasibility for market acceptance [1,2]. Therefore, a large portion of lightduty vehicle developments lean toward achieving higher thermal efficiency and lower exhaust emissions in GDI engines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion Model for a Homogeneous Turbocharged Gasoline Direct-Injection Engine

Tolou

¹

,

Vedula

²

,

Schock

³

et al. 2017

Volume 2: Emissions Control Systems; Instrumentation, Controls, and Hybrids; Numerical Simulation; Engine Design and Mechanical

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Homogeneous charge is a preferred operation mode of gasoline direct-injection (GDI) engines. However, a limited amount of work exists in the literature for combustion models of this mode of engine operation. Current work describes a model developed and used to study combustion in a GDI engine having early intake fuel injection. The model was validated using experimental data obtained from a 1.6L Ford EcoBoost® four-cylinder engine, tested at the U.S. EPA. The start of combustion was determined from filtered cycle-averaged cylinder pressure measurements, based on the local maximum of third derivative with respect to crank angle. The subsequent heat release, meanwhile, was approximated using a double-Wiebe function, to account for the rapid initial pre-mixed combustion (stage 1) followed by a gradual diffusion-like state of combustion (stage 2) as observed in this GDI engine. A non-linear least-squares optimization was used to determine the tuning variables of Wiebe correlations, resulting in a semi-predictive combustion model. The effectiveness of the semi-predictive combustion model was tested by comparing the experimental in-cylinder pressures with results obtained from a model built using a one-dimensional engine simulation tool, GT-POWER (Gamma Technologies). Model comparisons were made for loads of 60, 120, and 180 N-m at speeds ranging from 1500 to 4500 rpm, in 500 rpm increments. The root-mean-square errors between predicted cylinder pressures and the experimental data were within 2.5% of in-cylinder peak pressure during combustion. The semi-predictive combustion model, verified using the GT-POWER simulation, was further studied to develop a predictive combustion model. The performance of the predictive combustion model was examined by regenerating the experimental cumulative heat release. The heat release analysis developed for the GDI engine was further applied to a dual mode, turbulent jet ignition (DM-TJI) engine. DM-TJI is an advanced combustion technology with a promising potential to extend the thermal efficiency of spark ignition engines with minimal engine-out emissions. The DM-TJI engine was observed to offer a faster burn rate and lower in-cylinder heat transfer when compared to the GDI engine under the same loads and speeds.

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Combustion Model for a Homogeneous Turbocharged Gasoline Direct-Injection Engine

Tolou

¹

,

Vedula

²

,

Schock

³

et al. 2018

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Homogeneous charge is a preferred operation mode of gasoline direct-injection (GDI) engines. However, a limited amount of work exists in the literature for combustion models of this mode of engine operation. Current work describes a model developed to study combustion in a homogeneous charge GDI engine. The model was validated using experimental data from a 1.6 L Ford EcoBoost® engine, tested at the U.S. EPA. The combustion heat release was approximated using a double-Wiebe function, to account for the rapid initial premixed combustion followed by a gradual diffusion-like state of combustion, as observed in this GDI engine. Variables of Wiebe correlations were adjusted into a semipredictive combustion model. The effectiveness of semipredictive combustion model was tested in prediction of in-cylinder pressures. The root-mean-square (RMS) errors between experiments and numerical results were within 2.5% of in-cylinder peak pressures during combustion. The semipredictive combustion model was further studied to develop a predictive combustion model. The performance of predictive combustion model was examined by regenerating the experimental cumulative heat release. The heat release analysis developed for the GDI engine was further applied to a dual mode, turbulent jet ignition (DM-TJI) engine. DM-TJI is a distributed combustion technology with the potential to provide diesel-like efficiencies and minimal engine-out emissions for spark-ignition engines. The DM-TJI engine was observed to offer a faster burn rate and lower in-cylinder heat transfer compared to the GDI engine.

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Combustion Ionization for Detection of Misfire, Knock, and Sporadic Preignition in a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine

Ayad

¹

,

Sharma

²

,

Verma

³

et al. 2019

Journal of Energy Resources Technology

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Detection of combustion-related phenomena such as misfire, knock, and sporadic preignition is very important for the development of electronic controls needed for the gasoline direct injection engines to meet the production goals in power, fuel economy, and low emissions. This paper applies several types of combustion ionization sensors, and a pressure transducer that directly senses the in-cylinder combustion, and the knock sensor which is an accelerometer that detects the impact of combustion on engine structure vibration. Experimental investigations were conducted on a turbocharged four-cylinder gasoline direct injection engine under operating conditions that produce the above phenomena. One of the cylinders is instrumented with a piezo quartz pressure transducer, MSFI (multi-sensing fuel injector), a stand-alone ion current probe, and a spark plug applied to act as an ion current sensor. A comparison is made between the capabilities of the pressure transducer, ion current sensors, and the knock sensor in detecting the above phenomena. The signals from in-cylinder combustion sensors give more accurate information about combustion than the knock sensor. As far as the feasibility and cost of their application in production vehicles, the spark plug sensor and MSFI appear to be the most favorable, followed by the stand-alone mounted sensor which is an addition to the engine.

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Multisensing Fuel Injector in Turbocharged Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Combustion Model for a Homogeneous Turbocharged Gasoline Direct-Injection Engine

Combustion Model for a Homogeneous Turbocharged Gasoline Direct-Injection Engine

Combustion Model for a Homogeneous Turbocharged Gasoline Direct-Injection Engine

Combustion Ionization for Detection of Misfire, Knock, and Sporadic Preignition in a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine

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