Multisection optical parametric–Raman hybrid amplifier for terabit+ WDM systems

Novel Raman Parametric Hybrid L-Band Amplifier with Four-Wave Mixing Suppressed Pump for Terabits Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed Systems

“…RA-FOPA cascade is used as inline amplifier and dispersion compensation has been combined in Raman amplifying fiber medium itself. Use of single pump parametric amplifiers for broadband amplification has been reported previously [12,19,26]. But with increased number of channels in DWDM systems, high pump powers of the order of 200 mW are required to overcome the cross talk due to parametric amplification [12].…”

“…In conclusion, thorough investigation has been done in direction to establish use of RA-FOPA hybrid amplifiers across all bands of communication [3,[26][27][28][29], namely, S, C, and L with good gain and wide gain bandwidth. Exploring the possibilities of using proposed RA-FOPA in combination with existing/novel techniques for gain enhancement may help identify a true broadband amplifier capable of providing flat gain across entire communication band for evolving WDM systems.…”

“…Different optical amplifiers and their hybrids have been investigated over the time, to exploit the available optical communication bands, namely, S, C, and L. Though C/L-bands are dominated by EDFAs and their hybrids [22,23], Raman amplifiers [24] as well as FOPAs [3,25] can be tuned across any band. Kaur et al [26] demonstrated flat gain of 24.3 dB over bandwidth of 220 nm using RA and multisection FOPA cascade. Akasaka et al [27] demonstrated S-band amplification and wavelength conversion using RA-FOPA.…”

Raman Assisted Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifier for S-Band Multichannel Transmission System

“…In practical implementations, the usable bandwidth for long reach transmission is limited by the gain bandwidth of applied amplification technology. In the case of widely used erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), the gain bandwidth covers only C (1530-1565 nm) and partly L (1565-1625 nm) bands (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). To overcome this limitation, multiple amplification technologies can be used in parallel to form multiband amplifiers and transmission systems [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

“…A very promising approach for mitigating FRA and FOPA drawbacks is hybrid amplification methods that have been extensively studied for various applications [5,8,31,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. This combination is the Raman assisted FOPA (RA-FOPA) amplifier.…”