Multiscale models and controllers

Multiscale design for system-wide peer-to-peer energy trading

“…An important concept for coordinating multiscale systems is multiresolution nesting. 62 Under a multiresolution nested control architecture, computational complexity is managed by introducing a hierarchy of interconnected controllers that each have different ''boundaries of attention,'' meaning they manage only subsections of the full system, and different ''resolutions,'' meaning they understand the system at different levels of precision. Controllers at lower levels of the hierarchy operate at high resolution but with tight boundaries, whereas those at higher levels operate with broader boundaries, but lower resolution.…”

Intelligent systems:

“…Hierarchical fuzzy controllers are now broadly proposed for robotic manipulators [551]. The general characterization of these controllers can be found in [544], Analysis of the role of hierarchical design for fuzzy logic controllers is described in [579], A similar hierarchical architecture based upon neural networks is presented in [580].…”

Knowledge-Based Control for Robot Arm

“…Extensions of the field are reported by (Åström, 1989), (Åström and MacAvoy, 1992), and (Cellier et al, 1992). Other approaches have also been considered by researchers like the cognition-oriented approach with applications, (Meystel, 1994). Among the several advanced theoretical and applied results are those due to (Saridis, 1987) who proposed the so-called an entropy-based theory for hierarchical controller design based on the so-called "principle of decreasing precision with increasing intelligence".…”

“…Each one of these loops is declared for a particular resolution level and works with a different time-scale. Resolution of a given level is defined by (Meystel, 1994) as "the size of undistinguishability zone for the representation of goal, plan and feedback law. "…”