“…Cohesive zone properties are acquired from traction-separation curves; peak traction is the top of the curve, and fracture energy is the area under the curve. Li and Seidel 29 have performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to characterize the nanoscale interface effects in CNTs reinforced epoxy nanocomposites. Cohesive zone parameters for CNT/epoxy have obtained from Li and Seidel simulation.…”
Section: Numerical Modelingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Figure 2 Figure 2. Traction-seperation response for the CNT/epoxy interface in, (a) normal, (b) sliding mode separation. 29 (a) and (b) show traction-separation response in normal and sliding mode separation, respectively.…”
Section: Numerical Modelingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Traction-seperation response for the CNT/epoxy interface in, (a) normal, (b) sliding mode separation. 29 …”
In this study, numerical modeling is used to investigate the performance of a single-sided composite patch with different scale fillers, as reinforcement of a cracked aluminum plate under static tension. The main concerns of previous studies are about the geometry of patches, composite layups, and failure of adhesive. In this research, the effect of patch properties such as size and fiber volume fraction, the thickness of patch, and thickness of adhesive on the overall performance of the cracked aluminum plate are investigated numerically. Indeed, first, a 3 D representative volume element (RVE) is adopted to calculate the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube (CNT)/epoxy and carbon fiber (CF)/epoxy composite patch at each specified volume fraction for investigating the effect of patch properties on the performance of a single-sided patch for crack repairing. In this regard, the cohesive zone model is adopted to analyze the debonding between the epoxy matrix and reinforcement to characterize the mechanical properties of composite patches. Finally, a linear 3 D finite element analysis is performed to calculate the stress intensity factor (SIF) for cracked aluminum plate repaired by a single-sided composite patch at each specified reinforcement volume fraction for different thickness of patch and different thickness of adhesive. The results demonstrated that the stress intensity factor highly depends on the patch properties (patch stiffness) in addition to patch thickness and adhesive thickness.
“…Cohesive zone properties are acquired from traction-separation curves; peak traction is the top of the curve, and fracture energy is the area under the curve. Li and Seidel 29 have performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to characterize the nanoscale interface effects in CNTs reinforced epoxy nanocomposites. Cohesive zone parameters for CNT/epoxy have obtained from Li and Seidel simulation.…”
Section: Numerical Modelingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Figure 2 Figure 2. Traction-seperation response for the CNT/epoxy interface in, (a) normal, (b) sliding mode separation. 29 (a) and (b) show traction-separation response in normal and sliding mode separation, respectively.…”
Section: Numerical Modelingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Traction-seperation response for the CNT/epoxy interface in, (a) normal, (b) sliding mode separation. 29 …”
In this study, numerical modeling is used to investigate the performance of a single-sided composite patch with different scale fillers, as reinforcement of a cracked aluminum plate under static tension. The main concerns of previous studies are about the geometry of patches, composite layups, and failure of adhesive. In this research, the effect of patch properties such as size and fiber volume fraction, the thickness of patch, and thickness of adhesive on the overall performance of the cracked aluminum plate are investigated numerically. Indeed, first, a 3 D representative volume element (RVE) is adopted to calculate the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube (CNT)/epoxy and carbon fiber (CF)/epoxy composite patch at each specified volume fraction for investigating the effect of patch properties on the performance of a single-sided patch for crack repairing. In this regard, the cohesive zone model is adopted to analyze the debonding between the epoxy matrix and reinforcement to characterize the mechanical properties of composite patches. Finally, a linear 3 D finite element analysis is performed to calculate the stress intensity factor (SIF) for cracked aluminum plate repaired by a single-sided composite patch at each specified reinforcement volume fraction for different thickness of patch and different thickness of adhesive. The results demonstrated that the stress intensity factor highly depends on the patch properties (patch stiffness) in addition to patch thickness and adhesive thickness.
“…Measurement and control of the strength of the interface are important for developing carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer nanocomposites with tailored interfacial structures and properties [79,80]. To fully realize the bene ts of carbon nanotubes and to further improve the overall performance of the nanocomposites, it is essential to obtain accurate information about the microscopic structure and properties of the interface [81,82]. Electron microscope techniques such as scanning electron microscopy [83,84] and transmission electron microscopy [85,86] have been extensively used for the general visual identi cation of carbon nanotubereinforced polymer nanocomposites.…”
Section: Techniques For Interface Characterizationmentioning
The current state of characterization techniques for the interface in carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer nanocomposites is reviewed. Different types of interfaces that exist within the nanocomposites are summarized, and current efforts focused on understanding the interfacial properties and interactions are reviewed. The emerging trends in characterization techniques and methodologies for the interface are presented, and their strengths and limitations are summarized. The intrinsic mechanism of the interactions at the interface between the carbon nanotubes and the polymer matrix is discussed. Special attention is given to research efforts focused on chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes. The benefits and disadvantages associated with covalent and noncovalent functionalization methods are evaluated, respectively. Various techniques used to characterize the properties of the interface are extensively reviewed. How the mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposites depend on the physical and chemical nature of the interface is also discussed. Better understanding and design of the interface at the atomic level could become the forefront of research in the polymer community. Potential problems going to be solved are finally highlighted.
“…Several finite element studies have also focused on evaluating the effect of fiber/matrix interphase modulus ('soft' and 'hard' interphase), interphase thickness and its profile for the idealized CNT morphology [37][38][39][40]. Several researchers confirmed that the increase in the density of the polymer matrix in the vicinity of the fiber reinforcement [41][42][43][44] as well as the increased covalent bonding at the interface due to the surface functionalization of the fibers [42,44] can lead to the formation of a 'hard' interphase. Later in their studies, Bhuyian et al [14,27,45,46] used AFM and SEM to confirm the presence of voids, and hence represented CNT/matrix interphase as a 'soft' interphase.…”
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