Multiscale Modeling and Time-Scale Analysis of a Human Limb

Abstract

A multi-scale modeling approach is proposed in this paper that assists the user in constructing musculoskeletal system models from sub-models describing various mechanisms on different levels on the length scale. In addition, dynamic timescale analysis has been performed on the developed multi-scale models of various parts of a human limb: on wrist, elbow and shoulder characterized by different maximal muscle and skeletal length properties. The timescale analysis results have been represented on a scale-map, that can be used effectively to direct the simplification of multi-scale models for control-related application purposes.

Robust sensorimotor control of human arm model under state-dependent noises, control-dependent noises and additive noises

“…We also assumed that the online feedback control generated by the fuzzy combination of several local linear controllers (18) corresponded to piecewise online feedback control [50]. The fuzzy interpolation of _ x r ðtÞ ¼ P L i ¼ 1 h i ðxÞ½A ri x r ðtÞþrðtÞ, i.e., a piecewise interpolation of some local references could actually be used to replace the desired reference model in (3) if the desired reference model did not exist as (3). Thus, a similar result could be obtained where A r in A il was replaced by A ri .…”

“…For example, even an everyday task like moving an arm involves strong nonlinearities. Because of the nonlinear dynamic nature of this real system, there has been intense research into controlling the movement of a human arm model with a nonlinear nature [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. For example, adaptive control [10,11], gain scheduling [12], robust control [13][14][15] and neural networks [16,17] have all been applied to motion control in a nonlinear dynamic model of the human arm.…”

Multi-scale modelling in computational biomedicine

“…The concept of the SSM is applicable to many complex systems, for example, coral growth [33] or thrombosis and snow transport/deposition [34]. Indeed, Evans et al report on a SSM for ISR [12] (see also Case 2, below), Lawford et al report on a SSM for the response of the native endothelium to shear stress [35] and Fazekas et al [36] used diagrams that are close to a SSM in multi-scale modelling and time-scale analysis of the human limb. Moreover, we are aware of ongoing activities where SSMs have been set up for the urothelium and for ovum transport and implantation (P. Lawford, personal communication).…”

The application of multiscale modelling to the process of development and prevention of stenosis in a stented coronary artery

“…Indeed, Fazekas et al (2007) used SSMs in multiscale modelling and time-scale analysis of the human limb.…”

“…Adult VSMCs are not terminally differentiated and may undergo major phenotypic changes in response to environmental stimuli (Fazekas et al 2007). Indeed, VSMCs may exhibit contractile or secretory phenotypes and have been observed to dedifferentiate following vascular injury (Campbell et al 1988;Thyberg et al 1995Thyberg et al , 1997.…”