Multiscale Effects of Interfacial Polymer Confinement in Silica Nanocomposites

Varol, H. Samet; Sánchez, María Dolores Martín; Lu, Hao; Baio, Joe E.; Malm, Christian; Encinas, N.; Mermet-Guyennet, Marius R. B.; Martzel, Nicolas; Bonn, Daniel; Bonn, Mischa; Weidner, Tobias; Backus, Ellen H. G.; Parekh, Sapun H.

doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01111

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Figure 5a-c shows three types of surface functionalization of CNT with polymer chains, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups, respectively. Functionalized fillers not only enhance their interaction with the host, but improve their dispersion and the final properties of the composites compared to the pristine fillers [71][72][73]. The functional group of the fillers should react with an active group on the polymer chains of the host.…”

Section: Covalent Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the role of interface in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of polymer composites

Kashfipour

Mehra

Zhu

2018

Adv Compos Hybrid Mater

167

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Composite materials and especially polymer composites are widely used in daily life and different industries due to their vastly different properties and design flexibility. It is known that the properties of the composites are strongly related to the properties of its constituents. However, it has been reported in many studies, experimentally and by simulations, that the characteristics of the composites do not follow the rule of mixing. It means that in addition to properties of the constituents, there are other parameters affecting the final physicochemical properties of composites. The interfacial interactions between fillers and host is one of the factors which can strongly affect the properties of the composite. In this review, we summarized the type of interactions between the constituents, their improvement techniques, interaction measurement methods, and the effects of interfacial interactions on thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of composites.

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Section: Covalent Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the role of interface in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of polymer composites

Kashfipour

Mehra

Zhu

2018

Adv Compos Hybrid Mater

167

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“…Light and dark contrast regions in micrographs show the elastomeric matrix and silica aggregates, respectively. Image analysis of TEM micrographs was used to quantify the filler aggregate size (R agg ) and dispersion (26). Aggregate outlines are depicted by red borders in each micrograph shown in Fig.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle amount, and not size, determines chain alignment and nonlinear hardening in polymer nanocomposites

Varol

Meng

Hosseinkhani

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Polymer nanocomposites-materials in which a polymer matrix is blended with nanoparticles (or fillers)-strengthen under sufficiently large strains. Such strain hardening is critical to their function, especially for materials that bear large cyclic loads such as car tires or bearing sealants. Although the reinforcement (i.e., the increase in the linear elasticity) by the addition of filler particles is phenomenologically understood, considerably less is known about strain hardening (the nonlinear elasticity). Here, we elucidate the molecular origin of strain hardening using uniaxial tensile loading, microspectroscopy of polymer chain alignment, and theory. The strain-hardening behavior and chain alignment are found to depend on the volume fraction, but not on the size of nanofillers. This contrasts with reinforcement, which depends on both volume fraction and size of nanofillers, potentially allowing linear and nonlinear elasticity of nanocomposites to be tuned independently.nanocomposites | nonlinear elasticity | strain stiffening | polymer bridging | polymer chain alignment M any synthetic and natural materials around us increase their elastic modulus upon large deformation after initial softening-a phenomenon that is known as work or strain hardening, which is critical to their function. In ductile polymer materials, the strain-hardening behavior is essential for their functional lifetime, resilience, and toughness-all key parameters of their practical uses-because these materials repetitively bear large loads (1, 2). Many industrial and consumer polymeric materials are composites, in which (hard) nanoscale inorganic particles, or fillers, are blended with polymer matrices to tailor their mechanical properties. In preparing such nanocomposites, filler−filler and filler−matrix interaction, filler dispersion, and polymer properties all affect the linear (low strain) and nonlinear (high strain) mechanical response in nontrivial ways (3). Although a massive volume of work has attempted to clarify the mechanism of reinforcement (increased linear elasticity) at low strain and of nonlinear strain softening (the Payne and Mullins effects) at medium strain, a comparatively much smaller body of work exists that focuses on the mechanism of strain hardening in polymer composite materials.In analogy to rubber elasticity at large deformations, strain hardening in polymer composites is typically attributed to the increasing resistance to deformation of extended and oriented polymer chains (4-7). However, it has been shown that polymer chain alignment during strain hardening is strongly affected by dispersing fillers within the host polymer matrix (8-10). To account for these observations, one needs to establish the relation between the macroscopically observed strain hardening and the microscopic chain alignment that is affected by the presence of fillers.The connection between chain alignment and strain hardening in glassy polymer composites is purported to occur because the fillers act as "entanglement attractors." In this...

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“…Widespread interest in rubber nanocomposites has been fueled by their promise of extraordinary mechanical performance, which encouraged a great deal of effort being devoted to understanding the reinforcing mechanism of nanoparticles. Notably, interfacial interactions between nanoparticles and polymer matrix are always considered to be of vital importance, and the properties of rubber materials can be well tailored by adding nanoparticles of varying interfacial strength to suit the application concerned . For instance, silica nanoparticle has been established as the most important filler system for passenger car tires in recent years .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, interfacial interactions between nanoparticles and polymer matrix are always considered to be of vital importance, 9,10 and the properties of rubber materials can be well tailored by adding nanoparticles of varying interfacial strength to suit the application concerned. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] For instance, silica nanoparticle has been established as the most important filler system for passenger car tires in recent years. 15,19 However, unmodified hydrophilic silica particles tend to aggregate in the hydrophobic rubber matrix and impair the mechanical property of rubber materials.Fortunately, by covalent coupling of the fillers to the polymer matrix, 9,[20][21][22] or lowering the surface polarity of the hydrophilic nanofillers, 23,24 or polymer layers grafting on the nanoparticles, 25 the unfavorable effect on the mechanical property can be overcome and envisaged reinforcement by nanoparticles can be achieved.It is known that the bulk modulus of rubbers can be significantly higher than their shear and Young's moduli under stretching.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocavitation in silica filled styrene‐butadiene rubber regulated by varying silica‐rubber interfacial bonding

Cao

Zhou

2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The influence of filler‐matrix interfacial bonding on the nanocavitation of rubber materials has not been explored clearly. We herein report the nanocavitation modes and geometrical features impacted by varying the silica‐styrene‐butadiene rubber interfacial bonding. The interfacial bonding is tuned by grafting different amount of multi‐functional silane coupling agents on to the silica nanoparticles. By using synchrotron radiation small angle X‐ray scattering measurements, 2 major classes of cavitation were detected. When the interfacial strength was weak, fibrillar nanocavitation, with lengths ranging from 120 to 217 nm and diameter of the same order of the particle size, was generated by interfacial decohesion at the particle pores along the stretching direction. After grafting modification, the fibril‐like nanocavitation almost disappears and nanocavitation content decreases first at lower grafting density; then nanocavitation content increases at higher grafting density, where nanocavitation in confined rubber regions dominates. It is finally proposed that nanoparticle interfacial strengthening can change the cavitation mode from interfacial decohesion to confined rubber matrix nanocavitation, which exhibits more favorable prevention of the macroscopic failure by cracking.

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Multiscale Effects of Interfacial Polymer Confinement in Silica Nanocomposites

Cited by 25 publications

References 76 publications

A review on the role of interface in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of polymer composites

A review on the role of interface in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of polymer composites

Nanoparticle amount, and not size, determines chain alignment and nonlinear hardening in polymer nanocomposites

Nanocavitation in silica filled styrene‐butadiene rubber regulated by varying silica‐rubber interfacial bonding

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