Multiscale Catalysis Under Magnetic Fields: Methodologies, Advances, and Trends

Abstract

Magnetic field‐enhanced catalysis is an advanced strategy for enhancing catalytic reactions that have emerged in recent years, presenting great potential for alleviating the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Under favorable non‐contact magnetic field conditions, the external magnetic field that produces the enhancement effect can provide additional energy to the catalytic system as an additional driving force for the catalytic reaction and thus positively improve the overall catalytic efficiency. Exploring the effects of magnetic fields on multiscale catalytic reactions can broaden the practical applications of various catalytic reactions. This review begins with a brief introduction and analysis of possible mechanisms for magnetic field‐enhanced catalytic reactions (including spin polarization theory and electromagnetic theory), a description of the forces generated by magnetic fields, nano‐ and microscale magnetic materials, and various commonly used magnetic manipulation systems, and an overview of the application of magnetic fields to enhanced photocatalytic, electrocatalytic and biocatalytic reactions. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for advancing magnetic field‐enhanced catalytic reactions are presented. It is hoped that this review will provide a reference for the development and in‐depth study of magnetic field‐assisted enhanced catalytic reactions to improve catalytic efficiency.

Magnetically Stimulated Bio‐ and Electrochemical Systems: State‐of‐the‐Art, Applications, and Future Directions

“…‐ Following an early observation performed in 2005, [165] the application of magnetic fields during the operation of bioelectrochemical devices can improve their performance. Indeed, a wider use of magnetic fields has since been established as stimuli for magnetothermal effect, magnetohydrodynamics and spin polarisation [2,194] and demonstrated a positive effect on enzymatic activity [195] . In this respect, the improved reactivity of biomolecules [196] in response to external magnetic fields has recently been studied, leading to the radical pair mechanism [197] as a possible explanation for the improved performance of biomolecules that support radical recombination reactions [198] .…”

MOFs‐Based Magnetic Nanozyme to Boost Cascade ROS Accumulation for Augmented Tumor Ferroptosis

“…The decrease in BE suggested that the outer electrons in the nanocomposite with lower energy can be more readily excited under the influence of AMF, thereby facilitating the electron transfer in the conversion of H 2 O 2 into •OH. [31] Moreover, additional enzymatic-like properties including OXD and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was investigated. Drawing inspiration from the ROS generation mechanism in photonic catalysis, a pronounced OXD function was observed in PZF under visible light irradiation produced by Xenon lamp for 10 min.…”

Insights into Heterogeneous Catalysis on Surfaces with 3d Transition Metals: Spin-Dependent Chemisorption Models and Magnetic Field Effects

“…In recent work, Bhattacharjee et al used constrained density functional theory formalism to investigate the role of spin orientation on the reactivity of ORR intermediates on a ferromagnetic electrode surface. 34 They considered the direct dissociative process (12) where "*" represents the adsorption site, and they showed that the strength of binding for these reaction intermediates (O*, HO*) depends on their relative spin orientations with respect to the magnetization of the electrode. The authors suggest that oxygen-based electrochemical reactions can be controlled through an applied magnetic field and demonstrate this possibility by studying an ORR on a PdFe(001) surface using a new concept called spin orientation dependent overpotential.…”

“…Magnetic fields can influence the energy levels of active species by interacting with their spin states, which can affect catalytic properties and alter the selectivity of the reaction. 12 In the case of alloy catalysts, the effect of magnetism becomes even more prominent due to the charge transfer between the components. The interplay between charge transfer and magnetism can affect the activity and selectivity of alloy catalysts, and this has been investigated in several studies.…”

“…Mtangi et al showed that spin selectivity eliminates the formation of hydrogen peroxide, which is a common problem in water splitting, while increasing the overall current through the cell. Magnetic fields can influence the energy levels of active species by interacting with their spin states, which can affect catalytic properties and alter the selectivity of the reaction . In the case of alloy catalysts, the effect of magnetism becomes even more prominent due to the charge transfer between the components.…”