Multiscale analysis of wheel-rail rolling contact wear and damage mechanisms using molecular dynamics and explicit finite elements

Nano-scale wear: A critical review on its measuring methods and parameters affecting nano-tribology

“…Their findings showed that an increasing cycle count led to a gradual rise in wear volume and surface damage, highlighting the significant influence of cycle count on nano-wear processes. 79 In another study, Wang et al 80 employed finite element analysis to examine how cycle count affected wear mechanisms in nanoscale sliding contact. Their results demonstrated that as the cycle count increased, the distribution of contact pressure and stress evolved, resulting in changes in wear behavior and contact-induced material deformation.…”

“…Their results demonstrated that as the cycle count increased, the distribution of contact pressure and stress evolved, resulting in changes in wear behavior and contact-induced material deformation. 80 Figure 14 exhibits the effect of reciprocating cycles on the wear depth for five different materials. This image clearly shows the influence of the number of cycles on the amount of wear for the five materials that have shown completely different abrasion properties (Figures 8 and 9).…”

“…• Multiscale Models: Multiscale models aim to bridge the gap between atomistic simulations and macroscopic wear behavior. 80,130 These models combine different length and time scales, integrating atomistic or molecular simulations with continuum-based approaches. Multiscale models enable the exploration of wear processes at various levels of detail, providing a comprehensive understanding of wear phenomena from the atomic to macroscopic scales.…”