Multiscale Analysis of in-Plane Masonry Walls Accounting for Degradation and Frictional Effects

Multiscale analysis of masonry vaults coupling shell elements to 3D-Cauchy continuum

“…with C the diagonal stiffness matrix and π the inelastic vector accounting for damage, D, unilateral contact, c, and sliding friction, p [8].…”

Micromechanical Analysis of Unreinforced and Reinforced Masonry Arches

“…being C b the elastic constitutive matrix for 2D plane stress problems, depending on the Young's modulus E b and Poisson coefficient ν b . As for the mortar, the damage-friction law proposed in [16,17] is assumed. This is properly formulated to analyze the response of arbitrarily curved masonry elements with variable inclination of mortar joints [15].…”

“…The damagefriction law originally proposed in [16] is employed for joints. This allows to capture the typical failure modes of arches due to fracture mode I and II, and has been recently extended to mortar joints modeled as 2D [17] or 3D [18] interfaces. Moreover, when dealing with strengthened arch systems, reinforcements are modeled with truss elements, whose constitutive response is properly identified to also reproduce the debonding and delamination phenomena in a simplified and conventional way [8,10,19].…”

Multiscale analysis of out-of-plane masonry elements using different structural models at macro and microscale

“…Among the ROM techniques, the Transformation Field Analysis (TFA) [17,26,18] represents a very interesting and eective homogenization procedure, successfully adopted for dierent nonlinear composite materials. Several TFA versions for masonry were proposed in literature, mainly devoted to study the in-plane mechanical response of masonry panels [3]. This paper presents a multiscale model for the nonlinear in-plane and out-of-plane analysis of masonry walls.…”