Multiscalar DIC analyses of granular string under stretch reveal non-standard deformation mechanisms

Parametric Experimentation to Evaluate Chiral Bars Representative of Granular Motif

“…It may be noted that when compared to previously reported levels for a similar experiment [51], the uncertainty levels are higher. Notably, in the previous study, the uncertainty levels were evaluated in a different way since only one reference image was available and a series of artificial images with the noise level associated with the background was created.…”

“…3(a) shows the initial, final and three intermediate images of a granular bar with t = 1.2 mm and b = 1 mm. All these experiments were analyzed using the described DIC framework at 3 spatial scales, namely the macro, meso and microscales (see [51] for details of the methods).…”

“…Accordingly, the nominal geometry of the granular bar (i.e., mask) was created, and a registration was performed, using the same algorithm as in standard DIC, to backtrack the mask image of the granular bar in its initial configuration [49,51]. As a result, the structural domain that includes an insignificant amount of background, if any, is obtained (Fig.…”

Experimental verification of 2D Cosserat chirality with stretch-micro-rotation coupling in orthotropic metamaterials with granular motif

“…( 6). It maybe noted that the coupling between the relative micro-macro rotation γ and the two stretching deformations E11 and E22, is widely overlooked in the literature on Cosserat and micro-polar solids (see for example [14]), although this type of chiral coupling has been utilized recently for describing certain lattice structures [16,17] and bars with granular motif [29,55].…”

“…Consequently, the synthesis of a granular micro-mechanomorphology must satisfy these requirements. Such effects are present in granular microstructures [56], and the micromechano effects have been further expounded recently through analyses and experiments on 1D structures modeled as granular materials [28,29,55,57].…”