Multirésistance to antibiotics of pathogens isolated from human, animal and environment in the District of Bamako, Mali

Abstract

In Mali, coli and Salmonella infections are one of the most common bacterial diseases in outpatients. Treatment of these diseases has become challenging due to the emergence of pathogens with increasing resistance to available antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and evaluate the antibiotic resistance profile of the most frequently isolated strains of these bacteria involved in bacterial infections in Bamako, Mali. In this study, 400 samples of human, animal and environmental origin were obtained in the study area. The isolated bacteria were identified by biochemical tests. Disk diffusion method was applied to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial agents. Our results showed that, only 321 enterobacteria were isolated from the 958 samples analyzed. The most isolated pathogenic bacteria was E. coli with frequency rate of 20.77%. The others enterobacteria were Klebsiella sp. (6.05%), and Salmonella sp. (3.86%). All pathogenic bacteria isolated in this study, were highly resistant to Amoxicillin, Ticarcillin (100% for Klebsiella sp., isolated from all samples), and sensitive to Imipenem, Cefoxitine and Nitrofurantoine. According to the present survey, apart from Salmonella isolated from human and environmental samples, all the pathogenic bacteria isolated from human, animal and environmental sources showed multiple antibiotic resistance with a MAR index as high as 0.7 for E. coli from human source. This high level of multiresistance indicates that these human, animal and environment at Bamako could constitute a “high risk” source of antibiotic contamination.