Multiresidue Method for Pesticides and Veterinary Drugs in Bovine Milk Using GC/MS and LC/MS/MS

Abstract

A simple, sensitive and selective method with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/ MS) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) has been developed to detect 342 pesticides and veterinary drugs contaminating bovine milk at the maximum residue limits (MRLs) defined in the "positive list system". Sample preparation was performed by extracting the analytes with acetonitrile, followed by salting-out with sodium chloride. For some pesticides, the extract was further cleaned up by n-hexane partitioning and PSA cartridge column chromatography. GC/MS-EI or -NCI was used to determine pesticide residues, while LC/MS/ MS-ESI was applicable to the determination of pesticide and veterinary drug residues. The variation of the recoveries of these drugs at MRL was relatively wide; however the relative standard deviations of the recovery of each drug were within 28ΐ, suggesting that the present method is good enough for use as a screening test for contaminants at the MRLs. These results show that this method is useful for multiresidue analysis of numerous pesticides and veterinary drugs in bovine milk.

Analytical method for simultaneous determination of pesticide and veterinary drug residues in milk by CE‐MS

“…Problems due to its complexity, together with the presence of interferents, make the analysis of this matrix difficult [8,9]. Although the number of publications on the determination of veterinary drugs in milk is extensive [10][11][12][13][14], the number of papers dedicated to pesticide residue analysis other than persistent organochlorines is relatively limited [15,16]. Hantash et al [15] described a method for the determination of carbaryl and its metabolite in complex matrices, using a molecularly imprinted polymer and LC-UV detection.…”

“…Several papers appeared on the simultaneous determination of organochlorine and other groups of pesticides (pyrethroids by SPE and GC with microelectron-capture detection (GC-mu ECD) [17] or organophosphorus by GC with MS/MS [18]). Only one paper was specifically dedicated to detect 342 pesticides and veterinary drugs contaminating bovine milk by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS [19]. Generally, the methods described are based on two different strategies.…”

Literature Review of the Extraction and Analysis of Trace Contaminants in Food

“…Saito et al reported using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS to detect several hundred rodenticides and pesticides in bovine milk. 24 Compounds were extracted in acetonitrile and salted out using sodium chloride. In some cases, an additional step of n-hexane partitioning and PSA cartridge column 13 chromatograph was used.…”

Rapid detection of aldicarb in cucumber with an immunochromatographic test strip

“…Analytical methods, including gas chromatography (GC) (Song & McNair, 2002), GS/ mass spectrometry (MS) (Carabias-Martinez, Garcia-Hermida, Rodriguez-Gonzalo, & Ruano-Miguel, 2005;Saito et al, 2008), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/MS (Kruve, Kuennapas, Herodes, & Leito, 2008;Nunes, Alonso, Ribeiro, & Barcelo, 2000;Yang, Li, Miao, Zhao, & Wu, 2014;Yuan, Xiong, Li, Chen, & Liu, 2011), liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) (Franca, Brandao, Sodre, & Caldas, 2015;Huang et al, 2009), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) (Rodolico, Giovinazzo, & Mosconi, 1997) have been already used for the environmental analysis of ALD. The GC and HPLC methods have disadvantages insofar as they are complex, time consuming, and labor intensive.…”