Multiport-readout frame-transfer 5 megapixel CCD imaging system for TEM applications

Fan, G.Y.; Peltier, Steven T.; LaMont, Stephen P.; Dunkelberger, Dana G.; Burke, Barry E.; Ellisman, Mark H.

doi:10.1016/s0304-3991(00)00021-8

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Images were acquired using a JEM4000EX IVEM (400 kV) microscope equipped with a NCMIR custom design 4K lens coupled CCD camera (Fan et al, 2000). The sections were successively tilted through 2 degree increments from −64 to +64 degrees.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure–function studies of blood and air capillaries in chicken lung using 3D electron microscopy

West

Deerinck

et al. 2010

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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Avian pulmonary capillaries differ from those of mammals in three important ways. The blood-gas barrier is much thinner, it is more uniform in thickness, and the capillaries are far more rigid when their transmural pressure is altered. The thinness of the barrier is surprising because it predisposes the capillaries to stress failure. A possible mechanism for these differences is that avian pulmonary capillaries, unlike mammalian, are supported from the outside by air capillaries, but the details of the support are poorly understood. To clarify this we studied the blood and air capillaries in chicken lung using transmission electron microscopy (EM) and two relatively new techniques that allow 3D visualization: electron tomography and serial block-face scanning EM. These studies show that the pulmonary capillaries are flanked by epithelial bridges composed of two extremely thin epithelial cells with large surface areas. The junctions of the bridges with the capillary walls show thickening of the epithelial cells and an accumulation of extracellular matrix. Collapse of the pulmonary capillaries when the pressure outside them is increased is apparently prevented by the guy wire-like action of the epithelial bridges. The enlarged junctions between the bridges and the walls could provide a mechanism that limits the hoop stress in the capillary walls when the pressure inside them is increased. The support of the pulmonary capillaries may also be explained by an interdependence mechanism whereby the capillaries are linked to a rigid assemblage of air capillaries. These EM studies show the supporting structures in greater detail than has previously been possible, particularly in 3D, and they allow a more complete analysis of the mechanical forces affecting avian pulmonary capillaries.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure–function studies of blood and air capillaries in chicken lung using 3D electron microscopy

West

Deerinck

et al. 2010

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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“…Then with a current density of 10 3 A cm ¡2 and a scattering probability of 0.001 each pixel receives a current of 160 electrons s ¡1 . This is a su cient current for a cooled slow-scan CCD camera to record an image with a good signal-to-noise ratio in a few seconds (Fan et al 2000). In that time, movement of the foil is insigni®cant.…”

Section: …6 †mentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging point defects using a transmission electron microscope with controllable spherical aberration

Anstis

2001

Philosophical Magazine B

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Computer simulations are utilized to show how to use a transmission electron microscope which has an objective lens with an adjustable coe cient of spherical aberration to determine the three spatial coordinates of a single heavy atom embedded in a crystal. This information can be obtained by forming an image with only those electrons that have been scattered through a large angle by the crystal. By using a high-angle annular dark-®eld aperture the atoms can be considered as independent scatterers, in contrast with imaging with low-angle coherent scattering. In addition, by reducing the aberration coe cients of the lens, the e ective outer radius of the aperture can be made large, thereby leading to a small depth of focus. Calculations show that this form of imaging produces detectable contrast with currently available aberration correctors, sources and detectors.

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“…One approach that avoids these problems is to implement multiport parallel readout on‐chip, which increases the readout speed and reduces the number of transfers at the same time. Fan and co‐workers (Fan et al ., 2000) have recent developed a 5 megapixel (2.5 k × 2 k) CCD imaging system for TEM applications based on a multiport readout, frame transfer CCD sensor (Fig. 15).…”

Section: Other Developments and Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six years later, Spence & Zuo (1988) reported a 576 × 382 pixel CCD imaging system which used an indirect detection scheme, involving an electron scintillator screen and an optical coupler, which avoided some of the problems encountered in the direct detection design. Many more experimental systems have since been reported and research effort in this direction continues until this day (Aikens et al ., 1989; Chapman et al ., 1989; Daberkow et al ., 1991; Krivanek et al ., 1991; Herrmann & Liu, 1992; Kujawa & Krahl, 1992; Fan & Ellisman, 1993; Krivanek & Mooney, 1993; Faruqi et al ., 1995; Herrmann & Sikeler, 1995; Daberkow et al ., 1996; Downing & Hendrickson, 1999; Fan et al ., 2000). These systems and the commercial digital imaging systems specifically designed for TEM, which became available in the early 1990s, have been successfully used in many applications that are difficult or impossible to carry out without an online digital imaging system, including microscope autotuning (Krivanek & Fan, 1992), automated electron tomography (Dierksen et al ., 1992; Koster & de Ruijter, 1992; Koster et al ., 1992), electron holography (Daberkow et al ., 1996; Duan et al ., 1998), protein electron crystallography (Brink & Chiu, 1994; Downing & Hendrickson, 1999; Faruqi et al ., 1999) and telemicroscopy (Fan et al ., 1993; Voelkl et al ., 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital imaging in transmission electron microscopy

Fan

Ellisman

2000

Journal of Microscopy

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SummaryThe digital revolution currently under way, as evidenced by the rapid development of the Internet and the world-wideweb technologies, is undoubtedly impacting the field of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Digital imaging systems based on charge-coupled device (CCD) technologies, with pixel array size up to 2 k Â 2 k at the present and increasing, are available for TEM applications and offer many attractions. Is it time to phase out film cameras on TEMs and close the darkrooms for good? This paper reviews digital imaging technologies for TEM at different voltages, and contrasts the performance of digital imaging systems with that of TEM film. The performance characteristics of CCD-based digital imaging systems, as well as methods for assessing them, are discussed. Other approaches to digital imaging are also briefly reviewed.

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Multiport-readout frame-transfer 5 megapixel CCD imaging system for TEM applications

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Structure–function studies of blood and air capillaries in chicken lung using 3D electron microscopy

Structure–function studies of blood and air capillaries in chicken lung using 3D electron microscopy

Imaging point defects using a transmission electron microscope with controllable spherical aberration

Digital imaging in transmission electron microscopy

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