Múltiplos olhares sobre a mortalidade infantil no Ceará, Brasil

Sousa, Jorge Rodrigues de; Nations, Marilyn K.

doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2011000200007

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Facing constant infant death (de Sousa & Nations, 2011)—yet powerless to combat its social root causes (Bezerra, Kerr, Miná, & Barreto, 2007)—mothers must rely on culture to relieve their suffering. With an inventive “sleight of mind,” they magically transfigure lingering images of cold corpses into whimsical angels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The true tragedy is that the most downtrodden and dispossessed mothers in Ceará must create depression-defying dreams at all. Morally outraged, I still observe today poor families burying infants in disproportionately higher numbers than other parts of Brazil and the world (de Sousa & Nations, 2011). While Brazil’s 1988 Federal Constitution (Senado Federal, 1988) defends health and human rights for all citizens—hungry, sick, and vulnerable infants included—the sorely needed political “transfiguration” of Brazil’s unjust social reality remains, ironically, an illusory dream.…”

Section: Final Reflectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spirits of deceased relatives plead with survivors to perform deeds in order to relieve their suffering (Hinton, Field, & Nickerson, Bryant, & Simon, in press). In Northeast Brazil with its staggering infant mortality rates (de Sousa & Nations, 2011), one can also expect elaborate local grief responses. Yet maternal 1 reactions to child death in this arid region have provoked debate amongst medical anthropologists for three decades (Lassalle & O’Dougherty, 1997; Nations, 2008, 2009; Nations & Rebhun, 1988; Rebhun, 1994; Sigaud, 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dead-baby dreams, transfiguration and recovery from infant death trauma in northeast Brazil

Nations

2013

Transcult Psychiatry

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Maternal reactions to infant death in Northeast Brazil have been at the epicenter of anthropological debate since the 1980s. This ethnographic study of 45 death narratives by bereaved mothers collected from 1979-1989 in Pacatuba, Ceará, Brazil, refutes existing claims of mothers' "selective neglect" and "indifference" towards sick babies and emotionally empty grief response. I argue that through dead-baby dreams--and their imaginary transfiguration-grieving mothers alleviate infant death trauma. Feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, definitive loss, and personal guilt-the social seeds of depression--are reframed to deny death's finality and exonerate mothers from crippling self-blame. By transfiguring lingering mental images of the tiny cold corpse, mothers remold the irreversibility and definitiveness of death, gaining a sense of control over its unpredictable "jolt." In the politically oppressive Northeast Brazil--where social justice remains "an illusion"--mothers dream to preserve their own mental sanity and to recover from death's cruel aftermath. Any interpretation of mourning behavior must be contextualized within the local moral world and its "assumed structure of reality" to avoid demoralizing grieving Brazilian mothers and compounding their suffering. "You see, the only thing a poor woman truly owns that no one can borrow, cheat, steal or rob from her … is her imagination!" (Dona Chiquinha grieving death of her 10 children, Pacatuba, Ceará, Brazil).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Final Reflectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dead-baby dreams, transfiguration and recovery from infant death trauma in northeast Brazil

Nations

2013

Transcult Psychiatry

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“… Community - based detection and reporting should be explored as a complement to institutional surveillance practices. In Brazil, Nations and colleagues found that community-based surveillance systems produced much more accurate and detailed infant mortality data compared to that of official health statistics [ 45 , 104 ]. Community-based solutions for detection of public health threats have been successful in Nepal for tuberculosis [ 105 ] and for maternal mortality [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide surveillance and health systems in Nepal: a qualitative and social network analysis

Hagaman

Maharjan²,

Kohrt

2016

Int J Ment Health Syst

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BackgroundDespite increasing recognition of the high burden of suicide deaths in low- and middle-income countries, there is wide variability in the type and quality of data collected and reported for suspected suicide deaths. Suicide data are filtered through reporting systems shaped by social, cultural, legal, and medical institutions. Lack of systematic reporting may underestimate public health needs or contribute to misallocation of resources to groups most at risk.MethodsThe goal of this study was to explore how institutional structures, cultural perspectives on suicide, and perceived criminality of self-harm influence the type and quality of suicide statistics, using Nepal as an example because of its purported high rate of suicide in the public health literature. Official documentation and reporting networks drawn by police, policy makers, and health officials were analyzed. Thirty-six stakeholders involved in various levels of the death reporting systems in Nepal participated in in-depth interviews and an innovative drawn surveillance system elicitation task.ResultsContent analysis and social network analysis revealed large variation across the participants perceived networks, where some networks were linear pathways dominated by a single institution (police or community) with few nodes involved in data transmission, while others were complex and communicative. Network analysis demonstrated that police institutions controlled the majority of suicide information collection and reporting, whereas health and community institutions were only peripherally involved. Both health workers and policy makers reported that legal codes criminalizing suicide impaired documentation, reporting, and care provision. However, legal professionals and law review revealed that attempting suicide is not a crime punishable by incarceration. Another limitation of current reporting was the lack of attention to male suicide.ConclusionsEstablishment and implementation of national suicide prevention strategies will not be possible without reliable statistics and comprehensive standardized reporting practices. The case of Nepal points to the need for collaborative reporting and accountability shared between law enforcement, administrative, and health sectors. Awareness of legal codes among health workers, in particular dispelling myths of suicide’s illegality, is crucial to improve mental health services and reporting practices.

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“…O compromisso político dos gestores municipais são um dos principais fatores na redução da mortalidade infantil. Abraçar essa causa, fazer campanhas e reconhecer a importância de implantar medidas eficazes como: monitoramento, exames de pré-natal, incentivo ao aleitamento materno, diagnóstico e tratamento precoce das infecções respiratórias agudas, engajar os profissionais e comunidade nessas ações, entre outras, são primordiais para conseguir reduzir a taxa de mortalidade infantil (SOUSA, 2011).…”

Section: Referencial Teóricounclassified

Mortalidade Infantil: Percepções De Gestores E Profissionais Acerca Das Ações E Políticas De Saúde Direcionada À Mulher E À Criança

Ambrósio

Guerra

Aguiar³

2021

RAHIS

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A mortalidade infantil é um indicador das condições de vida e de saúde de uma população, por expressar não somente causas biológicas, mas também determinações de ordem socioeconômica e ambiental. Objetivo analisar a percepção dos gestores e profissionais de saúde acerca das causas e possíveis ações de enfrentamento da mortalidade infantil. É um estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, através de estudo de caso. Foi realizada 21 entrevistas semiestruturadas, teve como unidade de análise os profissionais e gestores de saúde responsáveis pela atenção à saúde da mulher e da criança. Foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo segundo Bardin. Os resultados mostraram o pouco conhecimento dos gestores e profissionais de saúde sobre o tema, a incipiente presença de discussão do assunto e a necessidade de uma aproximação entre o comitê de prevenção da mortalidade materna, infantil e fetal. Conclui-se que o óbito infantil é um evento distante do cotidiano de gestores e profissionais, que desconhecem as taxas locais e suas principais causas, por isso a não discussão e apropriação deste indicador como instrumento de gestão em saúde, mas todos reconhecem a importância do mesmo.

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Múltiplos olhares sobre a mortalidade infantil no Ceará, Brasil

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Dead-baby dreams, transfiguration and recovery from infant death trauma in northeast Brazil

Dead-baby dreams, transfiguration and recovery from infant death trauma in northeast Brazil

Suicide surveillance and health systems in Nepal: a qualitative and social network analysis

Mortalidade Infantil: Percepções De Gestores E Profissionais Acerca Das Ações E Políticas De Saúde Direcionada À Mulher E À Criança

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